Plant structure

Question 1

What makes a plant a plant:

resources needed by animals are avalible in concentrated form.

how do animals get

carbon and energy

water

o2

Answer 1

from food

drinking, osmosis, prey, cell resp.

atomsphere

Question 2

resources needed by plants

carbon

energy

water

minerals

Answer 2

air is only 0.04% CO2

from sunlight

dispersed; held by soil

dilute in soil solution

Question 3

due to plants not being able to move or ventilate what is the rate limiting step?

Answer 3

rate limiting step in plant growth is the diffusion of resourses from environment to the plant

Question 4

Dendritic form (a branching growth habit) helps for what?

Answer 4

helps this diffusion, because a branching body explores a large volume of space in which diffusion can occur

Question 5

What do dendritic forms require?

Answer 5

cell walls to hold up the plant

think plant cell walls around water inflated cells from good building material

thick lignified cell walls (wood) are self supporting

cheap growth
- the vacuoles of the plant vells can take up water and occupy a large volume without diluting the cytoplasmic contents

Question 6

plant development is modular

what is one module?

Answer 6

in shoot system = leaf + auxillary bud + internode

Question 7

plant development is what?

Answer 7

plastic

can respond radically to its experiences

Question 8

plants have fragile, short lived organs such as what?

Answer 8

leaves and root hairs which are regularly shed and replaced

Question 9

what are the three basic plant cell types?

Answer 9

parenchyma

collenchyma

sclerenchyma

Question 10

parenchyma cells are what? (4)

functions also

Answer 10

polyhedral cells

primary wall; thin extensible

living at maturity

functions; photosynthesis, storage, support

Question 11

collenchyma are what?

Answer 11

cell walls are unevenlly thickened with primary wall material

still living can elongate with the growing tissue around them

fuction : support

Question 12

sclerenchyma are what?

Answer 12

heavy secondary thickining

inflexible

usually dead at maturity

example: fibers, sclereids

Question 13

Plant tissue systems:

what is ground tissue systems for?

Answer 13

photosynthesis, storage, support

Question 14

Plant tissue systems:

what is vascular tissue for?

Answer 14

transport

Question 15

vascular tissue

What is xylem used for?

Answer 15

conducts water up the plant

Question 16

vascular tissue

What are tracheids?

Answer 16

lignified secondary walls; dead at maturity; conduct water in gymnosperms and angiosperms

Question 17

vascular tissue

what are vessel elements?

Answer 17

lignified secondary walls; dead at maturity; conduct water in angiosperms

Question 18

vascular tissue

fibres do what?

Answer 18

lignified secondary waslls; dad at maturity; provide strength

Question 19

vascular tissue

some parenchyma is what?

Answer 19

rays in wood

Question 20

vascular tissue

phloem does what?

Answer 20

conducts a sugar solution in all directions around the plant

Question 21

vascular tissue

sieve tube membranes do what?

Answer 21

anucieate but living; joined into food conduction sieve tuves

Question 22

vascular tissue

companion cells are involved with what vascular tissue?

Answer 22

phloem

Question 23

Dermal tissue system:

provides what?

Answer 23

provides interface with the external environment

provides protection against attack, protection against water loss, and water absorption

Question 24

The growing point of the plant:

where is the Primary growth

Answer 24

the root apical meristem and the shoor apical meristem lead to primary growth of growth along the plant axis

Question 25

The growing point of the plant:

secondary growth happens where?

Answer 25

lateral meristems, in both root and shoors lead to secondary growth, or growth in width

Question 26

what are the shoot lateral meristems?

Answer 26

vascular cambium, cork cambium