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Bio 186 > animal forms and function > Flashcards

animal forms and function Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is functional anatomy?

A

function correlates with structure in the tissue of animals

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2
Q

What is tissue?

A

integrated group of cells with a common structure and function

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3
Q

What are the four main catagories of tissue?

A

epithelial tissue

connective tissue

muscle tissue

nervous tissue

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4
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

sheet of tightly packed cells covering the body and lining organs and cavities; polarized

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5
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Barrier; protecting against injury, microorganisms and fluid loss

Exchange surface

Absorption or secretion of chemical solutions

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6
Q

What are the types of epithelial tissue based on?

A

based on the number of cell layers and shape of cell

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7
Q

How many layers does simple epithelial tissue have?

A

single layer of cells

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8
Q

How many layers does stratified epithelial tissue have?

A

multiple tiers of cells

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9
Q

How many layers does pseudostratified epithelial tissue have?

A

single layer that appears stratified

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10
Q

What are the three shapes of epithelial cells?

A

cuboidal (like dice)

columnar (like bricks)

squamous (flat like tiles)

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11
Q

Connective tissue function?

A

to bind and support other tissue

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12
Q

What are the types of connective tissue?

A

for each type, the structure correlates with its specialized function

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13
Q

Characterisitics of collagenous fibers?

A

collagen: non elastic

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14
Q

Characteristics of elastic fibres?

A

Elastin: Rubbery quality

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15
Q

characterisitcs of reticular fibres?

A

collagen; thin and branched tightly woven

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16
Q

Connective tissue types

loose connective tissue

A

all three types of fibers; loosely woven

binds epithelia to tissues; packing material

cells; fibroblasts and macrophages

17
Q

Connective tissue types

Fibrous connective tissue

A

Collagenous fibres; dense

parallel fiber bundels - increase non elastic strength

in tendons and ligaments

18
Q

Connective tissue types

Adipose tissue

A

stores fat, pads and insulates

loose connective tissue

19
Q

Connective tissue types

Cartilage

A

flexable support eg in nose and ears

abundance of collagenous fibers in rubbery matrix

cells: chondrocytes

20
Q

Connective tissue types

Bone

A

Makes up skeleton supporting the body of most vertebrates

mineralized connective tissue

cells: osteoblasts and osteocytes

21
Q

Connective tissue types

blood

A

Extensive extracellular matrix

matrix= liquid called plasma

cells; erythrocytes and leukocytes also platelets

22
Q

Muscle tissue is waht?

A

the most abundant tissue in most humans

23
Q

What is muscle tissues function?

A

muscle fibers contract when stimulated by nerve impulses

24
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A

striated

smooth

cardiac

25
Q

what is the characteristics of striated muscle?

A

responsible for voluntary movement

26
Q

what is the characteristics of smooth muscle?

A

lacks striation

27
Q

what is the characteristics ofcardiac muscle?

A

striated but cells branched

forms contractile wall of the heart

28
Q

Nervous tissue functions?

A

sense stimuli and transmit signals from one part of the animal to another

29
Q

Nervous tissue cells?

A

Glial and neurons

30
Q

Organs and organ systems:

organs are what?

A

specialized centers of body function composed of several different types of tissue

31
Q

What are organ systems?

A

groups of organs that work together in performing vital body functions

32
Q

signaling by hormons is what?

A

slow

effects oftern long lasting

limited to cells that have receptors for the signal

33
Q

Signalling by neurons is what?

A

very fast

brief signal

limited to cells that connect by specialized junctions to an axon that transmits an impulse and if the junction is a chemical synapse, have the receptor for the NT

Bio 186 (18 decks)

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