animal forms and function Flashcards
What is functional anatomy?
function correlates with structure in the tissue of animals
What is tissue?
integrated group of cells with a common structure and function
What are the four main catagories of tissue?
epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue
What is epithelial tissue?
sheet of tightly packed cells covering the body and lining organs and cavities; polarized
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
Barrier; protecting against injury, microorganisms and fluid loss
Exchange surface
Absorption or secretion of chemical solutions
What are the types of epithelial tissue based on?
based on the number of cell layers and shape of cell
How many layers does simple epithelial tissue have?
single layer of cells
How many layers does stratified epithelial tissue have?
multiple tiers of cells
How many layers does pseudostratified epithelial tissue have?
single layer that appears stratified
What are the three shapes of epithelial cells?
cuboidal (like dice)
columnar (like bricks)
squamous (flat like tiles)
Connective tissue function?
to bind and support other tissue
What are the types of connective tissue?
for each type, the structure correlates with its specialized function
Characterisitics of collagenous fibers?
collagen: non elastic
Characteristics of elastic fibres?
Elastin: Rubbery quality
characterisitcs of reticular fibres?
collagen; thin and branched tightly woven
Connective tissue types
loose connective tissue
all three types of fibers; loosely woven
binds epithelia to tissues; packing material
cells; fibroblasts and macrophages
Connective tissue types
Fibrous connective tissue
Collagenous fibres; dense
parallel fiber bundels - increase non elastic strength
in tendons and ligaments
Connective tissue types
Adipose tissue
stores fat, pads and insulates
loose connective tissue
Connective tissue types
Cartilage
flexable support eg in nose and ears
abundance of collagenous fibers in rubbery matrix
cells: chondrocytes
Connective tissue types
Bone
Makes up skeleton supporting the body of most vertebrates
mineralized connective tissue
cells: osteoblasts and osteocytes
Connective tissue types
blood
Extensive extracellular matrix
matrix= liquid called plasma
cells; erythrocytes and leukocytes also platelets
Muscle tissue is waht?
the most abundant tissue in most humans
What is muscle tissues function?
muscle fibers contract when stimulated by nerve impulses
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
striated
smooth
cardiac
what is the characteristics of striated muscle?
responsible for voluntary movement
what is the characteristics of smooth muscle?
lacks striation
what is the characteristics ofcardiac muscle?
striated but cells branched
forms contractile wall of the heart
Nervous tissue functions?
sense stimuli and transmit signals from one part of the animal to another
Nervous tissue cells?
Glial and neurons
Organs and organ systems:
organs are what?
specialized centers of body function composed of several different types of tissue
What are organ systems?
groups of organs that work together in performing vital body functions
signaling by hormons is what?
slow
effects oftern long lasting
limited to cells that have receptors for the signal
Signalling by neurons is what?
very fast
brief signal
limited to cells that connect by specialized junctions to an axon that transmits an impulse and if the junction is a chemical synapse, have the receptor for the NT
