lecture 2

Question 1

Monomers and polyers

Large molecules usually contain what?

Answer 1

polymers that consist of many small molecules (Monomers) attached in branched or unbranched repetivie patterns

Question 2

What is a dehydration reaction?

Answer 2

reaction involves the attachment of one monomer to another, with the loss of the equivalent of one molecule of water

Question 3

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 3

a larger molecule is split into two smaller ones, with the addition of the equivalent of a molecule of water

Question 4

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 4

simple sugars and their polymers

Question 5

What is the general fomula of carbs?

Answer 5

(CH2O)n hence carbohydrate

Question 6

How many carbon atoms do simple sugars (monosaccharides) typically have?

Answer 6

3-7

Question 7

what is the monosaccharide form?

Answer 7

straight chain or ring

Question 8

When does a ring monosaccharide form?

Answer 8

ring form predominates in aqueous solution

Question 9

Monosaccharides are often what?

Answer 9

often the raw material (precursors) for building other molecules

Question 10

Disaccharides consist of what?

what attaches them together?

Answer 10

two monosaccharides attached to each other by Glycosidic linkage

Question 11

Poly saccharides

starch is what?

Answer 11

The main storage form of carbon in plants and some algae

Question 12

What is Glycogen

Answer 12

The main storage polysaccharide of animals

Question 13

What is cellulose?

Answer 13

a structural polysaccharide that is a principal component of plant cell walls

Question 14

Function of carbohydrates?

Answer 14

energy storage
energy transport

energy generation

Builds material, especially walls around the cells of plants and many protests

activities at the cell surface- recognition, signalling

Question 15

Lipid stuctures

Answer 15

Hydrocarbons with little or no o2

Question 16

Why do they not associate with H20?

Answer 16

bacuse they have many C-H and C-C bonds with are non-polar, most of the structure of lipid molecule will not associate with water

Question 17

What are the two parts of the fatty acids?

Answer 17

a hydrophilic carboxyle group

an unbranched hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain

Question 18

What is special about fatty acids?

Answer 18

they are amphipathic; they have a hydrophobic region and a hydrophilic region

Question 19

Aspects of structural variation in fatty acids?

Answer 19

length of carbon chain (12-24 is typical)

saturated or unsaturated
location of double bond

cis or trans configuration at double bond

Question 20

Triacylglycerols are what?

Answer 20

are fatty acid esters of glycerol (a 3- carbon alcohol)

Question 21

Most animal triacyglycerol are in what state at room temp?

Answer 21

solid at room temp (fats in common speech)

Question 22

Most animal triacyglycerol are in what state at room temp?

Answer 22

are liquid at room temp (Oils)

Question 23

What is the characteristics of phospholipids?

Answer 23

amphipathic, like fatty acids, and they spontaneously form bilayers when placed in aqueous solution