Plant Science Final A1 Flashcards
1,A root that grows from other tissues besides root tissue is:
adventitious roots
2,Area of Meristematic growth located in the leaf axis between the node and the stem
cambium
3,The flow of organelles that can be clearly seen in active leaf cells with a microscope is called:
cyclosis
4,An area in the root that increases the growth of the roots, it is said that these dividing cells can propel the root as much as 0.08” per day
root apical meristem
5,A tap root is defined as a dominant root that develops downward, an example would be:
carrot
6,Area of growth that is refereed to as the termini and is the origin of all growth in the plant___
apical meristem
7,This structure in cells is made up of channels and pits that connect from cell and allow the flow of water and nutrients to pass between cells.
plasmodesmata
8,The organelles that have two membranes are:
mitochondria and chloroplasts
9,Agronomy and horticulture are:
plant sciences
10,Growth that increases the height of the plant originates from the___
apical meristem
11,Cultivation is:
preparing land for crops
12,The main function of these structures are to support and elevate the leaves, flowers and the fruit; also a delivery system for minerals and water. They also have a minor role in photosynthesis in some species
stem
13,Vascular Cambium is meristematic tissue that gives rise to__
secondary growth
14,Epidermis is
outermost layer of cells in a plant
15,The main function of these structures are to anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals
roots
16,A corn plant would be an examples of a____
monocot
17,Tissue that is comprised of the xylem and phloem and is used to transport water, minerals and sugars in the plant
vascular tissue
18,The theory of endosymbiosis gives an explanatoin as to how cells came to have the following
origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts
19,The portion of the stem that is in-between nodes
internode
20,The word cultivar refers to:
cultivated variety
21,The girth or circumference of the stem increases due to divisions in the___
cambium
22,A soybean plant would be an example of a ____
dicot
23,A type of stem that has thick tissie and generally lives more than two years, an example is trees and shrubs
woody
24,Tissue tat makes up the bulk of the plant
ground tissue
25,A slimy substance that aids the root in advancement in the soil
mucigel
26,The caspian strip is a layer of cells that regulates the uptake of water and minerals in the root
endodermis
27,Epidermal tissue is only located in growing leaf tissue
false
28,Adventitiuous roots grow from areas of root apical meristems
true
29,Meristematic tissue is actively dividing tissue
true
30,Branch roots arise from epidermal tissue
true
31,Root systems make up on average a small percentage of plant tissue; less than 10%
false
32,Root xylem is held in an “X” pattern and the phloem is said to be held in the arms of the xylem____
false
33,Vascular bundles are formed in an arranged pattern in the stem____
true
34,Vascular cambium is present in the stem and gives rise to secondary growth known as lateral meristematic growth____
false
35,Vascular bundles are scattered in the stem____
true
36,These roots have an area of pith located in the center of the vascular tissues___
storage roots
37,Conducts food and metabolites from the leaves to stems, flowers, and roots
phloem
38,Tubular network that ttache to the nuclear envelope, sometimes ribsomes are attached
smooth ER
39,A single layer of tissue that is foud only in root tissue, it lies to te interior of the cortex and makes a ring around the vascular bundles
endodermis
40,Occupies up to 90% of the cell space, maintains cell turgor
vacuole
41,Thick netwrok that attaches to the nuclear envelope, sometimes ribosmes are attached
rough ER
42,Thick compressed stems that grow underground
storage roots
43,the study of plant growth, reproduction, evolution and adaptation, as well as the use of plants for food, fiber and ornamental purposes
agronomy
44,Tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to shoots and beyond
xylem
45,Ions and water moving in the space outside of the plasma membrane move by ____ movement, ions and water moving in the inside of the plasma membrane move by_____ movement
bulk flow; diffusion
46,Descried as the power of the cell, produces ATP
ATP
47,Tubular extensions of the epidermis that increases the surface area of the root
root hairs
48,What is the equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy ? C6H12O6 + 6O2
49,If a flower is an incomplete perfect flower it has the following structures on the smae flower. An example would be a grass flower such as wheat or timothy
both male and female structures
50,The carpel in the flower contains these structures
ovules
51,Th primary function fo this portion of the plant is photosynthesis
leaves
52,Transpiration serves what functions in the plant
cooling and nutrient transport
53,Water is said to be most available to the plant is between field capacity and permanent wiliting point, which is measured as:
field capacity
54,Leaf shapes are split into two classifications, which one consists of several leaflets
palmate
55,In pollination, pollen is transferred from:
anther to stigma
56,An essential element is:
a nutrient required for plant growth
57,Petioles are:
leaf stalks
58,The ovary becomes the _____ & the ovule becomes the ____
fruit; seed
59,A grass flower while having stamen and capel structures, also has some structures that dicot flowers lack, two of these are:
bracts and lodicules
60,Soil pore space is always filled with
water and air
61,The law of minimum states:
growth is controlled by the scarcest resource
62,If soil has water potential of -1.5 MPa it is at
saturation
63,plants ca actively take up two froms of nitrogen, they are_____
nitrate and ammonium
64,The optimum pH for plant growth is:
6-7
65,Scar hat marks the point of attachment of the seed to the pod is the___
hilum
66,Phosphorus plays important roles within the cell, including formation of ATP, an ouside organism has adapted to live symbiotically with the roots of plants that aids inP uptake, that organism is:
mycorrhizal fungi
67,What functoin does the pericap or seed coat tissue perform?
protection
68,Force that moves water downward and is the principle force when soil is saturated is____
gravity
69,Water loss from leaves via the stomatal opening is____
transpiration
70,When this nutrient is deficient the plant will have a deep green to purple coloration to the leaves____
nitrogen
71,Area at the base of the leaf where it attaches the petiole to the stem is the____
petiole
72,Most common nutrient deficient plants is _____
nitrogen
73,Reproductive portion of the plant’s function is to house the reproductive organs and produce seed is the____
reproductive organs
74,plumules are the emryotic first true leaves that are held in the seed
true
75,epigal emergence is when the cotyledons are pulled above ground during germination
false
76,Epigeal emergence is when the cotyldons remain below ground during germination
true
77,hypogeal emergence is when the cotyledons are pulled above grown during germination
true
78,Carbon is either a macro or micro nutrient?
macro
79,Boron is either a macro or micro nutrient
micro
80,Nitrogen is either a macro or micro nutrient?
both
81,Zinc is either a macro or micro nutrient?
micro
82,If soil is said to have a water potential of 2 atm it will have a measurement of ____ MPa. write out the formula and show math
-0.198; ? = ?p + ?s - ?m
83,There are 6 charecteristics of water, name two
polarity, cohesion
84,The individual micro organelle within the chloroplast that photosynthesis takes place is the____?
thylakoid
85,The four major biochemicals found in plants are
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
86,Sexually propagated plats are propagted by what means?
seeds or spores
87,The structure present in the middle of the chromoese that is used to determine how many chromosomes are present is the___
centromere
88,When referring to genes for a particular triat you refer to expression of the gene as dwarf or tall, this is the
genotype
89,Which structure is where photosynthesis occurs in the cell?
chloroplast
90,Multicellular organisms undergo miotic cell growth to
increase in size
91,A plant after vegetative propagation increases in size and volume, this growth is_____
absorption of water by seeds
92,Imbibition is the process of-
unsaturated fats
93,Fatty acids or lipids found in the membranes of plants effect that plants ability to withstand cool temperatures. Plants that are prone to “chill injury” have more of what type of fat in their membranes.
carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration
94,The three stages of the calvin cycle reactions are
variability
95,It is essential that germ cells/gamate cells undergo meiosis so that
ensure genetic diversity
96,When gametes (egg/ovule and sperm/pollen) are produced this happens due to____
meiosis
97,If there are 40 centromeres in the cell, how many chromosomes are there?
40 chromosomes
98,The carbohydrate molecule that holds the OH in the upright position at the number 1 attachment is_____
alpha glucose
99,How many times must the calvin cycle turn to yield a single molecule of glucose?
6
100,During Telophase of mitosis and meiosis we see the following taking place
chromatids move to opposite poles
101,The carbohydrate molecule that holds the OH in the downward position at the number 1 attachment is ______
beta glucose
102,The gycolysis phase of cellular respiration produces how many ATP?
2 ATP
103,Fermentation occurs if
oxygen is absent
104,In cellular respiration, most ATP are produced directly as a result of
stroma
105,The calvin cycle occurs in the____
false
106,The redox reaction only occurs in photosynthesis
both
107,Soil compaction is/can___
reduce water infiltration and root growth
108,____ is the growing of two or more crops simultaneously in the same field.
intercropping
109,The most basic form of a protein shape that is a sequence of amino acids is _____
primary structure
110,An example of secondary product that is not synthesized by animals but found in plants are:
phytochemicals
111,When referring to genes for a particular trait you refer to the gene sequence as Dd or Tt for example, this is the _____
phenotype
112,Leaves and digestible stems that can be fed to livestock either through grazing or hay
forage
113,Grafting uses two plant partners that need to be similar in botanical relationships, they are called:
scion and rootstock
114,The stage of Mitosis when the spindle fibers retract and separate the sister chromosomes into daughter chromosomes is what phase?
telophase
115,If in the process of plant breeding you introduce a gene into the species that did not previously carry the gene, this is said to be____
transgenic
116,Cell division that occurs only at a set maturation is said to be?
determinate
117,Seed that has known genetic identity and is available in large quantities
certified seed
118,Rotational grazing is:
rotating livestock through different pastures
119,A crop other than fruits and vegetables that is purposefully grown for agricultural purposes
cash crop
120,Crop A is growing in an irrigated field that has recently been cultivated, a soil sample reveals the field has low CEC. This field should undergo what management practice?
improve CEC
121,_____ is the term for the development of flower buds in the summer, followed by a resting period.
vernalization
122,An example of Pollinators are:
bees, butterflies
123,In the area of field crops legumes that are harvested as dried beans are classified as?
pulses
124,When establishing an orchard, slope of the land is one factor to consider, slope should be no more than ___%
2%
125,Maturity of most crops can be defined as:
physiological maturity
126,The practice of flood irrigation is
application of water to the entire field
127,The practice of land leveling is
reshaping the field to ensure uniform water distribution
128,The practice of adding organic matter is?
cover cropping
129,Growing degree days are a measurement of the heat it takes to predict when a crop will reach maturity. Corn has a base temperature or a low threshold temperature of 50 degrees. Given a daily max temp of 66 degrees and a daily min temp of 30 degrees. Determine growing degree days
16 GDD
130,Growing degree days are a measurement of the heat it takes to predict when a crop will reach maturity. Corn has a base temp or a low threshold temp of 50 degrees. Given a daily max temp of 74 and a daily min temp of 56, determine growing degree days
28 GDD
131,Wheat is a _____ crop
winter
132,Canola is a ____ crop
cool-season
133,Sugar beets are what type of crop?
biennial
134,Cotton is a dual crop used for oil as well as ____
fiber
135,Growing degree days is a measurement of
heat accumulation
136,____ is a cropping system in which a crop is harvested a second time after grow back following an initial harvest
double cropping
