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Plant Science > Plant Science Final A1 > Flashcards

Plant Science Final A1 Flashcards

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1
Q

1,A root that grows from other tissues besides root tissue is:

A

adventitious roots

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2
Q

2,Area of Meristematic growth located in the leaf axis between the node and the stem

A

cambium

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3
Q

3,The flow of organelles that can be clearly seen in active leaf cells with a microscope is called:

A

cyclosis

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4
Q

4,An area in the root that increases the growth of the roots, it is said that these dividing cells can propel the root as much as 0.08” per day

A

root apical meristem

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5
Q

5,A tap root is defined as a dominant root that develops downward, an example would be:

A

carrot

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6
Q

6,Area of growth that is refereed to as the termini and is the origin of all growth in the plant___

A

apical meristem

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7
Q

7,This structure in cells is made up of channels and pits that connect from cell and allow the flow of water and nutrients to pass between cells.

A

plasmodesmata

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8
Q

8,The organelles that have two membranes are:

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

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9
Q

9,Agronomy and horticulture are:

A

plant sciences

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10
Q

10,Growth that increases the height of the plant originates from the___

A

apical meristem

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11
Q

11,Cultivation is:

A

preparing land for crops

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12
Q

12,The main function of these structures are to support and elevate the leaves, flowers and the fruit; also a delivery system for minerals and water. They also have a minor role in photosynthesis in some species

A

stem

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13
Q

13,Vascular Cambium is meristematic tissue that gives rise to__

A

secondary growth

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14
Q

14,Epidermis is

A

outermost layer of cells in a plant

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15
Q

15,The main function of these structures are to anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals

A

roots

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16
Q

16,A corn plant would be an examples of a____

A

monocot

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17
Q

17,Tissue that is comprised of the xylem and phloem and is used to transport water, minerals and sugars in the plant

A

vascular tissue

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18
Q

18,The theory of endosymbiosis gives an explanatoin as to how cells came to have the following

A

origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts

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19
Q

19,The portion of the stem that is in-between nodes

A

internode

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20
Q

20,The word cultivar refers to:

A

cultivated variety

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21
Q

21,The girth or circumference of the stem increases due to divisions in the___

A

cambium

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22
Q

22,A soybean plant would be an example of a ____

A

dicot

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23
Q

23,A type of stem that has thick tissie and generally lives more than two years, an example is trees and shrubs

A

woody

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24
Q

24,Tissue tat makes up the bulk of the plant

A

ground tissue

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25
Q

25,A slimy substance that aids the root in advancement in the soil

A

mucigel

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26
Q

26,The caspian strip is a layer of cells that regulates the uptake of water and minerals in the root

A

endodermis

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27
Q

27,Epidermal tissue is only located in growing leaf tissue

A

false

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28
Q

28,Adventitiuous roots grow from areas of root apical meristems

A

true

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29
Q

29,Meristematic tissue is actively dividing tissue

A

true

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30
Q

30,Branch roots arise from epidermal tissue

A

true

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31
Q

31,Root systems make up on average a small percentage of plant tissue; less than 10%

A

false

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32
Q

32,Root xylem is held in an “X” pattern and the phloem is said to be held in the arms of the xylem____

A

false

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33
Q

33,Vascular bundles are formed in an arranged pattern in the stem____

A

true

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34
Q

34,Vascular cambium is present in the stem and gives rise to secondary growth known as lateral meristematic growth____

A

false

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35
Q

35,Vascular bundles are scattered in the stem____

A

true

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36
Q

36,These roots have an area of pith located in the center of the vascular tissues___

A

storage roots

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37
Q

37,Conducts food and metabolites from the leaves to stems, flowers, and roots

A

phloem

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38
Q

38,Tubular network that ttache to the nuclear envelope, sometimes ribsomes are attached

A

smooth ER

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39
Q

39,A single layer of tissue that is foud only in root tissue, it lies to te interior of the cortex and makes a ring around the vascular bundles

A

endodermis

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40
Q

40,Occupies up to 90% of the cell space, maintains cell turgor

A

vacuole

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41
Q

41,Thick netwrok that attaches to the nuclear envelope, sometimes ribosmes are attached

A

rough ER

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42
Q

42,Thick compressed stems that grow underground

A

storage roots

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43
Q

43,the study of plant growth, reproduction, evolution and adaptation, as well as the use of plants for food, fiber and ornamental purposes

A

agronomy

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44
Q

44,Tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals from the roots to shoots and beyond

A

xylem

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45
Q

45,Ions and water moving in the space outside of the plasma membrane move by ____ movement, ions and water moving in the inside of the plasma membrane move by_____ movement

A

bulk flow; diffusion

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46
Q

46,Descried as the power of the cell, produces ATP

A

ATP

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47
Q

47,Tubular extensions of the epidermis that increases the surface area of the root

A

root hairs

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48
Q

48,What is the equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy ? C6H12O6 + 6O2

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49
Q

49,If a flower is an incomplete perfect flower it has the following structures on the smae flower. An example would be a grass flower such as wheat or timothy

A

both male and female structures

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50
Q

50,The carpel in the flower contains these structures

A

ovules

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51
Q

51,Th primary function fo this portion of the plant is photosynthesis

A

leaves

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52
Q

52,Transpiration serves what functions in the plant

A

cooling and nutrient transport

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53
Q

53,Water is said to be most available to the plant is between field capacity and permanent wiliting point, which is measured as:

A

field capacity

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54
Q

54,Leaf shapes are split into two classifications, which one consists of several leaflets

A

palmate

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55
Q

55,In pollination, pollen is transferred from:

A

anther to stigma

56
Q

56,An essential element is:

A

a nutrient required for plant growth

57
Q

57,Petioles are:

A

leaf stalks

58
Q

58,The ovary becomes the _____ & the ovule becomes the ____

A

fruit; seed

59
Q

59,A grass flower while having stamen and capel structures, also has some structures that dicot flowers lack, two of these are:

A

bracts and lodicules

60
Q

60,Soil pore space is always filled with

A

water and air

61
Q

61,The law of minimum states:

A

growth is controlled by the scarcest resource

62
Q

62,If soil has water potential of -1.5 MPa it is at

A

saturation

63
Q

63,plants ca actively take up two froms of nitrogen, they are_____

A

nitrate and ammonium

64
Q

64,The optimum pH for plant growth is:

A

6-7

65
Q

65,Scar hat marks the point of attachment of the seed to the pod is the___

A

hilum

66
Q

66,Phosphorus plays important roles within the cell, including formation of ATP, an ouside organism has adapted to live symbiotically with the roots of plants that aids inP uptake, that organism is:

A

mycorrhizal fungi

67
Q

67,What functoin does the pericap or seed coat tissue perform?

A

protection

68
Q

68,Force that moves water downward and is the principle force when soil is saturated is____

A

gravity

69
Q

69,Water loss from leaves via the stomatal opening is____

A

transpiration

70
Q

70,When this nutrient is deficient the plant will have a deep green to purple coloration to the leaves____

A

nitrogen

71
Q

71,Area at the base of the leaf where it attaches the petiole to the stem is the____

A

petiole

72
Q

72,Most common nutrient deficient plants is _____

A

nitrogen

73
Q

73,Reproductive portion of the plant’s function is to house the reproductive organs and produce seed is the____

A

reproductive organs

74
Q

74,plumules are the emryotic first true leaves that are held in the seed

A

true

75
Q

75,epigal emergence is when the cotyledons are pulled above ground during germination

A

false

76
Q

76,Epigeal emergence is when the cotyldons remain below ground during germination

A

true

77
Q

77,hypogeal emergence is when the cotyledons are pulled above grown during germination

A

true

78
Q

78,Carbon is either a macro or micro nutrient?

A

macro

79
Q

79,Boron is either a macro or micro nutrient

A

micro

80
Q

80,Nitrogen is either a macro or micro nutrient?

A

both

81
Q

81,Zinc is either a macro or micro nutrient?

A

micro

82
Q

82,If soil is said to have a water potential of 2 atm it will have a measurement of ____ MPa. write out the formula and show math

A

-0.198; ? = ?p + ?s - ?m

83
Q

83,There are 6 charecteristics of water, name two

A

polarity, cohesion

84
Q

84,The individual micro organelle within the chloroplast that photosynthesis takes place is the____?

A

thylakoid

85
Q

85,The four major biochemicals found in plants are

A

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

86
Q

86,Sexually propagated plats are propagted by what means?

A

seeds or spores

87
Q

87,The structure present in the middle of the chromoese that is used to determine how many chromosomes are present is the___

A

centromere

88
Q

88,When referring to genes for a particular triat you refer to expression of the gene as dwarf or tall, this is the

A

genotype

89
Q

89,Which structure is where photosynthesis occurs in the cell?

A

chloroplast

90
Q

90,Multicellular organisms undergo miotic cell growth to

A

increase in size

91
Q

91,A plant after vegetative propagation increases in size and volume, this growth is_____

A

absorption of water by seeds

92
Q

92,Imbibition is the process of-

A

unsaturated fats

93
Q

93,Fatty acids or lipids found in the membranes of plants effect that plants ability to withstand cool temperatures. Plants that are prone to “chill injury” have more of what type of fat in their membranes.

A

carbon fixation, reduction, regeneration

94
Q

94,The three stages of the calvin cycle reactions are

A

variability

95
Q

95,It is essential that germ cells/gamate cells undergo meiosis so that

A

ensure genetic diversity

96
Q

96,When gametes (egg/ovule and sperm/pollen) are produced this happens due to____

A

meiosis

97
Q

97,If there are 40 centromeres in the cell, how many chromosomes are there?

A

40 chromosomes

98
Q

98,The carbohydrate molecule that holds the OH in the upright position at the number 1 attachment is_____

A

alpha glucose

99
Q

99,How many times must the calvin cycle turn to yield a single molecule of glucose?

A

6

100
Q

100,During Telophase of mitosis and meiosis we see the following taking place

A

chromatids move to opposite poles

101
Q

101,The carbohydrate molecule that holds the OH in the downward position at the number 1 attachment is ______

A

beta glucose

102
Q

102,The gycolysis phase of cellular respiration produces how many ATP?

A

2 ATP

103
Q

103,Fermentation occurs if

A

oxygen is absent

104
Q

104,In cellular respiration, most ATP are produced directly as a result of

A

stroma

105
Q

105,The calvin cycle occurs in the____

A

false

106
Q

106,The redox reaction only occurs in photosynthesis

A

both

107
Q

107,Soil compaction is/can___

A

reduce water infiltration and root growth

108
Q

108,____ is the growing of two or more crops simultaneously in the same field.

A

intercropping

109
Q

109,The most basic form of a protein shape that is a sequence of amino acids is _____

A

primary structure

110
Q

110,An example of secondary product that is not synthesized by animals but found in plants are:

A

phytochemicals

111
Q

111,When referring to genes for a particular trait you refer to the gene sequence as Dd or Tt for example, this is the _____

A

phenotype

112
Q

112,Leaves and digestible stems that can be fed to livestock either through grazing or hay

A

forage

113
Q

113,Grafting uses two plant partners that need to be similar in botanical relationships, they are called:

A

scion and rootstock

114
Q

114,The stage of Mitosis when the spindle fibers retract and separate the sister chromosomes into daughter chromosomes is what phase?

A

telophase

115
Q

115,If in the process of plant breeding you introduce a gene into the species that did not previously carry the gene, this is said to be____

A

transgenic

116
Q

116,Cell division that occurs only at a set maturation is said to be?

A

determinate

117
Q

117,Seed that has known genetic identity and is available in large quantities

A

certified seed

118
Q

118,Rotational grazing is:

A

rotating livestock through different pastures

119
Q

119,A crop other than fruits and vegetables that is purposefully grown for agricultural purposes

A

cash crop

120
Q

120,Crop A is growing in an irrigated field that has recently been cultivated, a soil sample reveals the field has low CEC. This field should undergo what management practice?

A

improve CEC

121
Q

121,_____ is the term for the development of flower buds in the summer, followed by a resting period.

A

vernalization

122
Q

122,An example of Pollinators are:

A

bees, butterflies

123
Q

123,In the area of field crops legumes that are harvested as dried beans are classified as?

A

pulses

124
Q

124,When establishing an orchard, slope of the land is one factor to consider, slope should be no more than ___%

A

2%

125
Q

125,Maturity of most crops can be defined as:

A

physiological maturity

126
Q

126,The practice of flood irrigation is

A

application of water to the entire field

127
Q

127,The practice of land leveling is

A

reshaping the field to ensure uniform water distribution

128
Q

128,The practice of adding organic matter is?

A

cover cropping

129
Q

129,Growing degree days are a measurement of the heat it takes to predict when a crop will reach maturity. Corn has a base temperature or a low threshold temperature of 50 degrees. Given a daily max temp of 66 degrees and a daily min temp of 30 degrees. Determine growing degree days

A

16 GDD

130
Q

130,Growing degree days are a measurement of the heat it takes to predict when a crop will reach maturity. Corn has a base temp or a low threshold temp of 50 degrees. Given a daily max temp of 74 and a daily min temp of 56, determine growing degree days

A

28 GDD

131
Q

131,Wheat is a _____ crop

A

winter

132
Q

132,Canola is a ____ crop

A

cool-season

133
Q

133,Sugar beets are what type of crop?

A

biennial

134
Q

134,Cotton is a dual crop used for oil as well as ____

A

fiber

135
Q

135,Growing degree days is a measurement of

A

heat accumulation

136
Q

136,____ is a cropping system in which a crop is harvested a second time after grow back following an initial harvest

A

double cropping

Plant Science (9 decks)

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