Plant Reproduction

Question 1

Angiosperms

Answer 1

flowering plants

Question 2

What are the two angiosperm classes?

Answer 2

dicots and monocots

Question 3

Describe the function of the stigma

Answer 3

pollen “landing pad” ( sticky )

Question 4

Describe the function of the style

Answer 4

supports the stigma

Question 5

Describe the function of the ovary

Answer 5

produces female sex cells ( ovules ) by meiosis

Question 6

Describe the function of the anther

Answer 6

Produces male sex cells ( pollen ) by meiosis

Question 7

Describe the function of the filament

Answer 7

Holds up and supports the anther

Question 8

Describe the function of the petals

Answer 8

attracts pollinators

Question 9

Describe the function of the sepals

Answer 9

protects developing flower ( while in bud )

Question 10

Carpel

Answer 10

stigma + style + ovary= entire female part

Question 11

Stamen

Answer 11

( anther + filament ) - entire male part

Question 12

Draw a half view of an animal pollinated flower

Question 13

What does the success in plant reproduction depend on?

Answer 13

Pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal

Question 14

What are the two types of pollination?

Answer 14

Self pollination and cross pollination

Question 15

Self pollination

Answer 15

pollen from anther of same plant falls on its own stigma

Question 16

Cross pollination

Answer 16

pollen from anther of one plant carried to stigma of different plant

Question 17

Fertilization

Answer 17

fusion of haploid nuclei, male pollen grain fuses with the female ovule to produce a diploid zygote )

Question 18

Why are seeds dispersed away from parent plant?

Answer 18

To reduct competition for resources

Question 19

Mutualistic relationship

Answer 19

both pollinator and flower benefit ( animal gets nectar, pollen and flower are pollinated and fertilized )

Question 20

Types of plant pollination vectors

Answer 20

wind, water, and animals are the main sectors of plant pollination

Question 21

Describe wind/water pollinated plants

Answer 21

Odorless/ inconspicuous, have small flowers, have smooth pollen grains

Question 22

Describe animal pollinated plants

Answer 22

large, brightly colored, scented flowers to attracts pollinators

Question 23

What occurs after pollination?

Answer 23

Fertilization, followed by seeds development, then seed dispersal

Question 24

Fertilization

Answer 24

pollen produces a pollen tube which grows down the style of the carpel, pollen tube grows into the ovary and enters the ovule, allowing sperm to fertilize and produce a zygote

Question 25

“mature”

Answer 25

once a seed develops it must “mature” (dehydrate) before It is dispersed

Question 26

Draw an internal structure of a seed

Question 27

Necessary conditions for seed germination

Answer 27

water, oxygen, pH. and ideal temperature

Question 28

Waters function in seed germination

Answer 28

rehydrate seed, triggers gibberellin production, and triggers further metabolic reactions

Question 29

Oxygens function in seed germination

Answer 29

performs aerobic respiration

Question 30

pH function in seed germination

Answer 30

optimum in soil/ surrounding environment for enzyme function

Question 31

Ideal temperatures function in seed germination

Answer 31

optimal enzyme activity

Question 32

Additional favorable conditions required by some seeds for seed germination

Answer 32

Fire, freezing, digestion, washing, and scarification

Question 33

Additional favorable conditions required by some seeds for seed germination

Answer 33

Fire, freezing, digestion, washing, and scarification

Question 34

Step #1 of seed germination

Answer 34

Water is absorbed by the seed, which triggers synthesis of gibberellin (gibberellic acid – GA) in the seed

Question 35

Step #2 of seed germination

Answer 35

GA (a plant growth hormone) turns on genes that synthesize the enzyme amylase

Question 36

Step #3 of seed germination

Answer 36

Amylase hydrolizes (breaks down) starch (stored in the seed) into the sugar maltose

Question 37

Step #4 of seed germination

Answer 37

Maltose is hydrolized into glucose (for cellular respiration – ATP) or condensed/ polymerized (for production of cellulose to build cell walls in new cells being formed)

Question 38

Step #5 of seed germination

Answer 38

Now that the seed is metabolically active, the seed coat (testa) ruptures and the radicle (embryonic root) grows into the ground (water, nutrients, and minerals)

Question 39

Step #6 of seed germination

Answer 39

The cotyledon emerges and produces the shoot’s first leaves

Question 40

Photoperiodism

Answer 40

a plants response to the lengths of the night

Question 41

Long day plants ( short night plants )

Answer 41

flower when days are longer and nights are shorter ( midsummer )

Question 42

Short day plants ( long night plants )

Answer 42

flower when days are shorts and nights are longer ( spring/ autumn )

Question 43

Phytochrome

Answer 43

a blue-green pigment that controls flowering

Question 44

What are the two different forms that phytochrome exists in?

Answer 44

Pr and Pfr

Question 45

Pr

Answer 45

inactive form, in the day, absorbs red light ( 660 nm ), which is converted into Pfr

Question 46

Pfr

Answer 46

active form, in the day absorbs FAR red light ( 730 nm ), rapidly converts into pR

Question 47

Which phytochrome is more dominant in the day?

Answer 47

Sunlight contains more red light (than far-red light), so Pr is more predominant during the day and Pfr form is more predominant at night