Plant Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Angiosperms

A

flowering plants

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2
Q

What are the two angiosperm classes?

A

dicots and monocots

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3
Q

Describe the function of the stigma

A

pollen “landing pad” ( sticky )

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4
Q

Describe the function of the style

A

supports the stigma

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5
Q

Describe the function of the ovary

A

produces female sex cells ( ovules ) by meiosis

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6
Q

Describe the function of the anther

A

Produces male sex cells ( pollen ) by meiosis

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7
Q

Describe the function of the filament

A

Holds up and supports the anther

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8
Q

Describe the function of the petals

A

attracts pollinators

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9
Q

Describe the function of the sepals

A

protects developing flower ( while in bud )

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10
Q

Carpel

A

stigma + style + ovary= entire female part

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11
Q

Stamen

A

( anther + filament ) - entire male part

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12
Q

Draw a half view of an animal pollinated flower

A
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13
Q

What does the success in plant reproduction depend on?

A

Pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal

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14
Q

What are the two types of pollination?

A

Self pollination and cross pollination

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15
Q

Self pollination

A

pollen from anther of same plant falls on its own stigma

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16
Q

Cross pollination

A

pollen from anther of one plant carried to stigma of different plant

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17
Q

Fertilization

A

fusion of haploid nuclei, male pollen grain fuses with the female ovule to produce a diploid zygote )

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18
Q

Why are seeds dispersed away from parent plant?

A

To reduct competition for resources

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19
Q

Mutualistic relationship

A

both pollinator and flower benefit ( animal gets nectar, pollen and flower are pollinated and fertilized )

20
Q

Types of plant pollination vectors

A

wind, water, and animals are the main sectors of plant pollination

21
Q

Describe wind/water pollinated plants

A

Odorless/ inconspicuous, have small flowers, have smooth pollen grains

22
Q

Describe animal pollinated plants

A

large, brightly colored, scented flowers to attracts pollinators

23
Q

What occurs after pollination?

A

Fertilization, followed by seeds development, then seed dispersal

24
Q

Fertilization

A

pollen produces a pollen tube which grows down the style of the carpel, pollen tube grows into the ovary and enters the ovule, allowing sperm to fertilize and produce a zygote

25
"mature"
once a seed develops it must "mature" (dehydrate) before It is dispersed
26
Draw an internal structure of a seed
27
Necessary conditions for seed germination
water, oxygen, pH. and ideal temperature
28
Waters function in seed germination
rehydrate seed, triggers gibberellin production, and triggers further metabolic reactions
29
Oxygens function in seed germination
performs aerobic respiration
30
pH function in seed germination
optimum in soil/ surrounding environment for enzyme function
31
Ideal temperatures function in seed germination
optimal enzyme activity
32
Additional favorable conditions required by some seeds for seed germination
Fire, freezing, digestion, washing, and scarification
33
Additional favorable conditions required by some seeds for seed germination
Fire, freezing, digestion, washing, and scarification
34
Step #1 of seed germination
Water is absorbed by the seed, which triggers synthesis of gibberellin (gibberellic acid – GA) in the seed
35
Step #2 of seed germination
GA (a plant growth hormone) turns on genes that synthesize the enzyme amylase
36
Step #3 of seed germination
Amylase hydrolizes (breaks down) starch (stored in the seed) into the sugar maltose
37
Step #4 of seed germination
Maltose is hydrolized into glucose (for cellular respiration – ATP) or condensed/ polymerized (for production of cellulose to build cell walls in new cells being formed)
38
Step #5 of seed germination
Now that the seed is metabolically active, the seed coat (testa) ruptures and the radicle (embryonic root) grows into the ground (water, nutrients, and minerals)
39
Step #6 of seed germination
The cotyledon emerges and produces the shoot’s first leaves
40
Photoperiodism
a plants response to the lengths of the night
41
Long day plants ( short night plants )
flower when days are longer and nights are shorter ( midsummer )
42
Short day plants ( long night plants )
flower when days are shorts and nights are longer ( spring/ autumn )
43
Phytochrome
a blue-green pigment that controls flowering
44
What are the two different forms that phytochrome exists in?
Pr and Pfr
45
Pr
inactive form, in the day, absorbs red light ( 660 nm ), which is converted into Pfr
46
Pfr
active form, in the day absorbs FAR red light ( 730 nm ), rapidly converts into pR
47
Which phytochrome is more dominant in the day?
Sunlight contains more red light (than far-red light), so Pr is more predominant during the day and Pfr form is more predominant at night