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Biology > Plant Reproduction > Flashcards

Plant Reproduction Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Angiosperms

A

flowering plants

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2
Q

What are the two angiosperm classes?

A

dicots and monocots

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3
Q

Describe the function of the stigma

A

pollen “landing pad” ( sticky )

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4
Q

Describe the function of the style

A

supports the stigma

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5
Q

Describe the function of the ovary

A

produces female sex cells ( ovules ) by meiosis

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6
Q

Describe the function of the anther

A

Produces male sex cells ( pollen ) by meiosis

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7
Q

Describe the function of the filament

A

Holds up and supports the anther

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8
Q

Describe the function of the petals

A

attracts pollinators

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9
Q

Describe the function of the sepals

A

protects developing flower ( while in bud )

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10
Q

Carpel

A

stigma + style + ovary= entire female part

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11
Q

Stamen

A

( anther + filament ) - entire male part

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12
Q

Draw a half view of an animal pollinated flower

A
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13
Q

What does the success in plant reproduction depend on?

A

Pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal

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14
Q

What are the two types of pollination?

A

Self pollination and cross pollination

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15
Q

Self pollination

A

pollen from anther of same plant falls on its own stigma

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16
Q

Cross pollination

A

pollen from anther of one plant carried to stigma of different plant

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17
Q

Fertilization

A

fusion of haploid nuclei, male pollen grain fuses with the female ovule to produce a diploid zygote )

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18
Q

Why are seeds dispersed away from parent plant?

A

To reduct competition for resources

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19
Q

Mutualistic relationship

A

both pollinator and flower benefit ( animal gets nectar, pollen and flower are pollinated and fertilized )

20
Q

Types of plant pollination vectors

A

wind, water, and animals are the main sectors of plant pollination

21
Q

Describe wind/water pollinated plants

A

Odorless/ inconspicuous, have small flowers, have smooth pollen grains

22
Q

Describe animal pollinated plants

A

large, brightly colored, scented flowers to attracts pollinators

23
Q

What occurs after pollination?

A

Fertilization, followed by seeds development, then seed dispersal

24
Q

Fertilization

A

pollen produces a pollen tube which grows down the style of the carpel, pollen tube grows into the ovary and enters the ovule, allowing sperm to fertilize and produce a zygote

25
Q

“mature”

A

once a seed develops it must “mature” (dehydrate) before It is dispersed

26
Q

Draw an internal structure of a seed

A
27
Q

Necessary conditions for seed germination

A

water, oxygen, pH. and ideal temperature

28
Q

Waters function in seed germination

A

rehydrate seed, triggers gibberellin production, and triggers further metabolic reactions

29
Q

Oxygens function in seed germination

A

performs aerobic respiration

30
Q

pH function in seed germination

A

optimum in soil/ surrounding environment for enzyme function

31
Q

Ideal temperatures function in seed germination

A

optimal enzyme activity

32
Q

Additional favorable conditions required by some seeds for seed germination

A

Fire, freezing, digestion, washing, and scarification

33
Q

Additional favorable conditions required by some seeds for seed germination

A

Fire, freezing, digestion, washing, and scarification

34
Q

Step #1 of seed germination

A

Water is absorbed by the seed, which triggers synthesis of gibberellin (gibberellic acid – GA) in the seed

35
Q

Step #2 of seed germination

A

GA (a plant growth hormone) turns on genes that synthesize the enzyme amylase

36
Q

Step #3 of seed germination

A

Amylase hydrolizes (breaks down) starch (stored in the seed) into the sugar maltose

37
Q

Step #4 of seed germination

A

Maltose is hydrolized into glucose (for cellular respiration – ATP) or condensed/ polymerized (for production of cellulose to build cell walls in new cells being formed)

38
Q

Step #5 of seed germination

A

Now that the seed is metabolically active, the seed coat (testa) ruptures and the radicle (embryonic root) grows into the ground (water, nutrients, and minerals)

39
Q

Step #6 of seed germination

A

The cotyledon emerges and produces the shoot’s first leaves

40
Q

Photoperiodism

A

a plants response to the lengths of the night

41
Q

Long day plants ( short night plants )

A

flower when days are longer and nights are shorter ( midsummer )

42
Q

Short day plants ( long night plants )

A

flower when days are shorts and nights are longer ( spring/ autumn )

43
Q

Phytochrome

A

a blue-green pigment that controls flowering

44
Q

What are the two different forms that phytochrome exists in?

A

Pr and Pfr

45
Q

Pr

A

inactive form, in the day, absorbs red light ( 660 nm ), which is converted into Pfr

46
Q

Pfr

A

active form, in the day absorbs FAR red light ( 730 nm ), rapidly converts into pR

47
Q

Which phytochrome is more dominant in the day?

A

Sunlight contains more red light (than far-red light), so Pr is more predominant during the day and Pfr form is more predominant at night

Biology (7 decks)

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