plant physiology

Question 1

what plant need:
\_\_\_\_\_
water
\_\_\_\_\_
mineral

Answer 1

what plant need:
gasses
water
sugar
mineral

Question 2

In the _________, we get oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

Answer 2

In the photosynthesis, we get oxygen in and carbon dioxide out

Question 3

gas exchange and transport:
leaves, photosynthesis, ______
roots, _________, uptake cations, diffusion
short distance transport

Answer 3

gas exchange and transport:
leaves, photosynthesis, stomata
roots, cellular respiration, uptake cations, diffusion
short distance transport

Question 4

water and short distance transport:
\_\_\_\_\_
aquaporins
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- vs \_\_\_\_\_\_ 质壁分离
turgor pressure:
Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

Answer 4

water and short distance transport:
osmosis
aquaporins
turgor pressure vs plasmolysis 质壁分离
turgor pressure:
Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

Question 5

water and long distance transport:
osmosis is to slow
bulk flow
driven by pressure gradients

Answer 5

water and long distance transport:
osmosis is to slow
bulk flow
driven by pressure gradients

Question 6

water and long distance transport:
minimal H2O pushed up from roots
more solutes in roots than the soil, water moves into roots at night
guttation吐水

Answer 6

water and long distance transport:
minimal H2O pushed up from roots
more solutes in roots than the soil, water moves into roots at night
guttation吐水

Question 7

water and long distance transport:
________ H2O pulled up with evaporation (_____)
negative pressure
cohesion and adhesion

Answer 7

water and long distance transport:
majority H2O pulled up with evaporation (transpiration)
negative pressure
cohesion and adhesion

Question 8

sugar transport:
\_\_\_\_\_\_:
photosynthesis or break down starch
\_\_\_\_\_\_:
consume or deposit sugar
moves from sources to sinks

Answer 8

sugar transport:
sources:
photosynthesis or break down starch
sinks:
consume or deposit sugar
moves from sources to sinks

Question 9

sugar transport:
\_\_\_\_\_\_:
photosynthesis or break down starch
\_\_\_\_\_\_:
consume or deposit sugar

moves from sources to sinks

Answer 9

sugar transport:
sources:
photosynthesis or break down starch
sinks:
consume or deposit sugar
moves from sources to sinks

Question 10

sugar transport:
__________ into the phloem
H2O diffusion creates pressure to move long distance
active transport into sink

Answer 10

sugar transport:
active transport into the phloem
H2O diffusion creates pressure to move long distance
active transport into sink

Question 11

mineral transport:
17 essential elements:
\_\_\_\_\_\_ (DNA)
potassium
calcium
many obainted from soil solution

Answer 11

mineral transport:
17 essential elements:
nitrogen
potassium
calcium
many obainted from soil solution

Question 12

______ refers to the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind, and water molecules have strong cohesive forces thanks to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another.

Answer 12

Cohesion refers to the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind, and water molecules have strong cohesive forces thanks to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another.

Question 13

mineral transport:
soil particles negatively charged
_____（负离子） don’t stick to soil-uptake directly into roots, easily leaches (easy to lose through rain)
_______ stick to soil- uptake through cation exchange, not leached
xylem transports

Answer 13

mineral transport:
soil particles negatively charged
anions don’t stick to soil-uptake directly into roots, easily leaches (easy to lose through rain)
cations stick to sil uptake through cation exchange, not leached

Question 14

soil:
minerals (from rocks)
organic matter (dead organisms)
living organisms
formed from rocks below or carried by wind or water

Answer 14

soil:
minerals (from rocks)
organic matter (dead organisms)
living organisms
formed from rocks below or carried by wind or water

Question 15

Cohesion内聚力 refers to the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind, and water molecules have strong cohesive forces thanks to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another.

Answer 15

Cohesion内聚力 refers to the attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind, and water molecules have strong cohesive forces thanks to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with one another.

Question 16

_______ is the attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind, and it can be quite strong for water, especially with other molecules bearing positive or negative charges.

Answer 16

Adhesion is the attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind, and it can be quite strong for water, especially with other molecules bearing positive or negative charges.

Question 17

plant partnerships-mycorrhizae真菌
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_fungi and plant roots
fugus get sugar
plant gets the increased area for H2O and mineral absorption
90% land plants

Answer 17

plant partnerships-mycorrhizae真菌
mutualism-fungi and plant roots
fugus get sugar
plant gets the increased area for H2O and mineral absorption
90% land plants

Question 18

plant partnerships-nitrogen fixing bacteria in soil
commensalism-bacteria and plants
convert nitrogen from air (N2) into nitrogen from plants can use-ammonium(NHD) or nitrate(NO3)

Answer 18

plant partnerships-nitrogen fixing bacteria in soil
commensalism-bacteria and plants
convert nitrogen from air (N2) into nitrogen from plants can use-ammonium(NHD) or nitrate(NO3)

Question 19

plant partnerships-nitrogen fixing bacteria in roots
______-bacteria and plant roots (legumes豆类)
inside root nodules
plant get N
bacteria gets sugar and anaerobic environment

Answer 19

plant partnerships-nitrogen fixing bacteria in roots
mutualism-bacteria and plant roots (legumes豆类)
inside root nodules
plant get N
bacteria gets sugar and anaerobic environment

Question 20

plants exchange gasses associated with photosynthesis through ____ and gasses associated with cellular respiration through the _____

Answer 20

plants exchange gasses associated with photosynthesis through leaves and gasses associated with cellular respiration through the root

Question 21

water moves short distance through _____, which is responsible for______ and ______

Answer 21

water moves short distance through osmosis, which is responsible for turgor pressure and plasmolysis

Question 22

Sugar travels from _____ to _____ via ______into the _____ and associated diffusion of water that increases water pressure. Sugar is deposited via _____into sinks.

Answer 22

Sugar travels from sources to sinks via active transport into the phloem and associated diffusion of water that increases water pressure. Sugar is deposited via active transport into sinks.

Question 23

plants require several minerals that they obtain from the soil solution.

Answer 23

plants require several minerals that they obtain from soil solution.

Question 24

Plants form partnerships with ______ and _______bacteria that help them acquire water and/or nutrients.

Answer 24

Plants form partnerships with mycorrhizae and nitrogen fixing bacteria that help them acquire water and/or nutrients.

Question 25

In roots:the vascular tissues form a central core
Stems:the vascular tissues are contained in bundles; these bundles sit relatively near the surface of the stem
leaves: contain in vein

Answer 25

In roots: the vascular tissues form a central core
Stems:the vascular tissues are contained in bundles; these bundles sit relatively near the surface of the stem
leaves: contain in vein

Question 26

why tree change their color:
each fall, deciduous trees ________ their leaves before dropping them. Taking apart cells and _________ apparatus from the inside out in order to recoup their nitrogen and phosphorous and store it in twigs and branches until next spring. Levaes break down their ________ into less dangerous molecules that are yellow. As leaf dismantling starts, they build new, special pigments to shade chlorophyll from sunlight until it can be broken down. These new pigments tends to be red or purple in color.

Answer 26

why tree change their color:
each fall, deciduous trees recycle their leaves before dropping them. Taking apart cells and photosynthetic apparatus from the inside out in order to recoup their nitrogen and phosphorous and store it in twigs and branches until next spring. Levaes break down their chlorophyll into less dangerous molecules that are yellow. As leaf dismantling starts, they build new, special pigments to shade chlorophyll from sunlight until it can be broken down. These new pigments tends to be red or purple in color.