cellular respiration

Question 1

why is metabolism important?
chemical reactions transform ______ and energy
need for organism to function

Answer 1

why is metabolism important?
chemical reactions transform matter and energy
need for organism to function

Question 2

2 forms of metabolism:

________:
break down molecules
release energy
e.g-cellular respiration

_______:
build molecules
consume energy
e.g-synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Answer 2

2 forms of metabolism:

catabolism:
break down molecules
release energy
e.g-cellular respiration

anabolism:
build molecules
consume energy
e.g-synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Question 3

_____ processes may need oxygen or not

Answer 3

catabolic processes may need oxygen or not

Question 4

all _________ need aerobic respiration

__________+_______—-_______+____+_____

Answer 4

organic compounds+oxygen—-carbon dioxide+water+energy

Question 5

organic compounds:
_____, ______, ______
simpler _________(sugars) provide most energy for metabolism

Answer 5

organic compounds:
proteins, lipids, carbohydrates
simpler carbohydrates(sugars) provide most energy for metabolism

Question 6

complex carbs:

_____ material and energy storage

Answer 6

complex carbs:

structural material and energy storage

Question 7

3 stages of cellular (aerobic) respiration produce different amounts of energy
______ 2 ATP
________ (Krebs cycle) 2 ATP
___________ (electron transport and chemiosmosis)

Answer 7

3 stages of cellular (aerobic) respiration produce different amounts of energy
glycolysis 2 ATP
Citric acid cycle(Krebs cycle) 2 ATP
Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport and chemiosmosis)

Question 8

______ is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. An example of this would be the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Answer 8

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. An example of this would be the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Question 9

ATP is the energy currency of cells:
molecule
nucleotide in RNA
Phosphate groups all neg.(repel)
\_\_\_\_\_\_
Hydrolysis (add H2O) releases energy

Answer 9

ATP is the energy currency of cells:
molecule
nucleotide in RNA
Phosphate groups all neg.(repel)
Unstable
Hydrolysis (add H2O) releases energy

Question 10

ATP can be used to perform work
when ATP is converted to ADP (____ phosphate group), through reaction coupling it can
make_______ by adding phosphate group(chemical)
change _________, move stuff across membrane(transport)
change protein shape, move along cytoskeleton(mechanical)

Answer 10

ATP can be used to perform work
when ATP is converted to ADP (loses phosphate group), through reaction coupling it can
make molecule unstable by adding phosphate group(chemical)
change protein shape, move stuff across membrane(transport)
change protein shape, move along cytoskeleton(mechanical)

Question 11

34 percent of energy from food is transferred to ATP in cellular respiration

Answer 11

34 percent of energy from food is transferred to ATP in cellular respiration

Question 12

ATP is produced by many oxidation reduction(redox)
______ reactions=transferring electrons
transferring electrons releases stored energy
______=substance loses electrons
______=substance gains electrons
Lose electrons is ______
Gain electrons is ______

Answer 12

ATP is produced by many oxidation reduction(redox)
redox reactions=transferring electrons
transferring electrons releases stored energy
oxidation=substance loses electrons
reduction=substance gains electrons
Lose electrons is oxidation
Gain electrons is reduction

Question 13

Goal of cellular respiration is to make ATP
many steps
transfer electrons(and hydrogen ions)
enzymes
electron acceptor molecules store electrons
cash in electrons to make ATP

Answer 13

Goal of cellular respiration is to make ATP
many steps
transfer electrons(and hydrogen ions)
enzymes
electron acceptor molecules store electrons
cash in electrons to make ATP

Question 14

FAD and NAH+ accept and transfer electrons
FAD —- FADH2
NAD+ —- NADH (2 electrons, hydrogen ion)

Answer 14

FAD and NAH+ accept and transfer electrons
FAD —- FADH2
NAD+ —- NADH (2 electrons, hydrogen ion)

Question 15

simpler carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharide) provide ______ for metabolism while complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) _____ or ________

Answer 15

simpler carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharide) provide energy for metabolism while complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) store energy or provide structural support to organisms

Question 16

all organisms perform _________ to harvest energy from ________

Answer 16

all organisms perform cellular respiration to harvest energy from organic molecules

Question 17

_________ makes energy available to do cellular work through the conversion of organic compound and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water.

Answer 17

aerobic respiration makes energy available to do cellular work through the conversion of organic compound and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water.

Question 18

There are 3 stages of respiration, some produce considerably more_______ (in the form of ATP) than others.

Answer 18

There are 3 stages of respiration, some produce considerably more energy (in the form of ATP) than others.

Question 19

NAD+ and FADH accept electrons, storing energy, that is eventually transferred to be converted to _____

Answer 19

NAD+ and FADH accept electrons, storing energy, that is eventually transferred to be converted to ATP

Question 20

The energy to make ATP comes from oxidation-reduction reactions (catalyzed by enzymes) where _____ are transferred

Answer 20

The energy to make ATP comes from oxidation-reduction reactions (catalyzed by enzymes) where electrons are transferred

Question 21

Glycolysis:
glucose to 2 molecules of \_\_\_\_\_
place:\_\_\_\_\_\_
O2 \_\_\_\_\_\_
Net in:
Glucose
NAD+
Net out:
Pyruvate
H2O
NADH
2ATP

Answer 21

Glycolysis:
glucose to 2 molecules of pyruvate
cytoplasm
O2 present or not

Net in:
Glucose
NAD+
Net out:
Pyruvate
H2O
NADH
2ATP

Question 22

At the end of the _________ in the mitochondria, electrons are donated to oxygen (O2), which combines with _______ ions to form water. Without the O2 molecules to accept the electrons, the electron transport chain couldn’t function.

Answer 22

At the end of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, electrons are donated to oxygen (O2), which combines with hydrogen ions to form water. Without the O2 molecules to accept the electrons, the electron transport chain couldn’t function.

Question 23

Glycolysis needs _______ to accept electrons as part of a specific reaction. If there’s NAD+ it’s all stuck in its NADH this reaction can’t happen and glycolysis will come to a halt. So, all cells need a way to turn NAD+ to keep glycolysis going.
There are two basic ways of accomplishing this. When ______ is present, NADH can pass its electrons into the electron transport chain, regenerating NAD+ for use in glycolysis.

When oxygen is absent, cells may use other, simpler pathways to regenerate NAD+. In these pathways, NADH _______ to an acceptor molecule in a reaction that doesn’t make ATP but does regenerate NAD+ o glycolysis can continue. This process is called fermentation, and you can learn more about it in the fermentation videos.

Answer 23

Glycolysis needsNAD+ to accept electrons as part of a specific reaction. If there’s NAD+ it’s all stuck in its NADH this reaction can’t happen and glycolysis will come to a halt. So, all cells need a way to turn NAD+ to keep glycolysis going.
There are two basic ways of accomplishing this. When oxygen is present,NADH can pass its electrons into the electron transport chain, regenerating NAD+ for use in glycolysis.
When oxygen is absent, cells may use other, simpler pathways to regenerate NAD+. In these pathways, NADH donates its electrons to an acceptor molecule in a reaction that doesn’t make ATO but does regenerate NAD+ o glycolysis can continue. This process is called fermentation, and you can learn more about it in the fermentation videos.