photosynthesis3 Flashcards

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1
Q

photosynthesis

carbon dioxide+water+energy—-organic compound+oxygen

A

photosynthesis

carbon dioxide+water+energy—-organic compound+oxygen

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2
Q

in winter:
ice crystals will _____破裂 cell membrane:
cell membrane becomes more ____
_______ concentration in cells increase to prevent freezing(pine needles,sap)
________松柏类:
pine needle structure protects from freezing and water loss in winter, waxy coating
other structural adaptations

A

ice crystals will rupture cell membrane:
cell membrane becomes more fluid
solute concentration in cells increase to prevent freezing(pine needles,sap)
conifers松柏类:
pine needle structure protects from freezing and water loss in winter, waxy coating
other structural adaptations

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3
Q

photosynthesis is the process that converts ______ into chemical energy and is performed by plants, algae, and some single-celled organisms. Energy is consumed to convert carbon dioxide, water, energy into organic compound and oxygen

A

photosynthesis is the process that converts solar energy into chemical energy and is performed by plants, algae, and some single-celled organisms. Energy is consumed to convert carbon dioxide, water, energy into organic compound and oxygen

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4
Q

Light reactions occur in ________ of chloroplast. Pigments absorb light energy (reflect green wavelengths), which excites electrons. Excited electrons are used to ultimately make ATP power the synthesis of sugars during the Calvin Cycle in the stroma

A

Light reactions occur thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. Pigments absorb light energy (reflect green wavelengths), which excites green. Excited electrons are used to ultimately make ATP power the synthesis of sugars during the Calvin Cycle in the _____

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5
Q

Photosynthesis is the process in which_____ is converted to ________in the form of sugars. In a process driven by light energy, glucose molecules (or other sugars) are constructed from ______ and _______, and oxygen is released as a byproduct. The glucose molecules provide organisms with two crucial resources: energy and fixed—organic—carbon.

A

Photosynthesis is the process in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of sugars. In a process driven by light energy, glucose molecules (or other sugars) are constructed from water and carbon dioxide, and oxygen is released as a byproduct. The glucose molecules provide organisms with two crucial resources: energy and fixed—organic—carbon.

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6
Q

Energy. The glucose molecules serve as fuel for cells: their chemical energy can be harvested through processes like cellular respiration and fermentation, which generate ATP, a small, energy-carrying molecule—for the cell’s immediate energy needs.

A

Energy. The glucose molecules serve as fuel for cells: their chemical energy can be harvested through processes like cellular respiration and fermentation, which generate ATP, a small, energy-carrying molecule—for the cell’s immediate energy needs.

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7
Q

Fixed carbon. Carbon from carbon dioxide—inorganic carbon—can be incorporated into organic molecules; this process is called carbon fixation, and the carbon in organic molecules is also known as fixed carbon. The carbon that’s fixed and incorporated into sugars during photosynthesis can be used to build other types of organic molecules needed by cells.

A

Fixed carbon. Carbon from carbon dioxide—inorganic carbon—can be incorporated into organic molecules; this process is called carbon fixation, and the carbon in organic molecules is also known as fixed carbon. The carbon that’s fixed and incorporated into sugars during photosynthesis can be used to build other types of organic molecules needed by cells.

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8
Q

______ is the primary site of photosynthesis.

A

mesophyll is the primary site of photosynthesis.

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9
Q

Small pores called ______(singular stoma) are found on the surface of leaves in most plants, and they let carbon dioxide diffuse into the mesophyll layer and oxygen diffuse out.

A

Small pores called stomata—singular, stoma—are found on the surface of leaves in most plants, and they let carbon dioxide diffuse into the mesophyll layer and oxygen diffuse out.

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10
Q

disc-like structures are called _______ 类囊体
they are arranged in _______基粒
The membrane of each ______ contains green-colored pigments called chlorophylls
The fluid-filled space around the grana is called the ______基质

A

disc-like structures are called thylakoids 类囊体
they are arranged in grana基粒
The membrane of each thylakoid contains green-colored pigments called chlorophylls
stroma基质

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11
Q

The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane and require a continuous supply of light energy. Chlorophylls absorb this light energy, which is converted into chemical energy through the formation of two compounds, ATP and NADPH reduced (electron-bearing) electron carrier. In this process, water molecules are also converted to oxygen gas—the oxygen we breathe!

A

The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane and require a continuous supply of light energy. Chlorophylls absorb this light energy, which is converted into chemical energy through the formation of two compounds, ATP and NADPH reduced (electron-bearing) electron carrier. In this process, water molecules are also converted to oxygen gas—the oxygen we breathe!

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12
Q

The_______, also called the light-independent reactions, takes place in the ________ and does not directly ________. Instead, the Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to _______ and produce three-carbon sugars—glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, or ____, molecules—which join up to form glucose.

A

The Calvin cycle, also called the light-independent reactions, takes place in the stroma and does not directly require light. Instead, the Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide and produce three-carbon sugars—glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, or G3P, molecules—which join up to form glucose.

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13
Q

Overall, the _______ reactions capture light energy and store it temporarily in the chemical forms of ATP and NADPH There, ATP is broken down to release energy, and NADPH donates its electrons to convert carbon dioxide molecules into sugars. In the end, the energy that started out as light winds up trapped in the bonds of the sugars.

A

Overall, the light-dependent reactions capture light energy and store it temporarily in the chemical forms of ATP and NADPH There, ATP is broken down to release energy, and NADPH donates its electrons to convert carbon dioxide molecules into sugars. In the end, the energy that started out as light winds up trapped in the bonds of the sugars.

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14
Q

Without _____, plants would not have carbohydrates for respiration.
In addition, the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis are also used to build plant cell structures, like the cellulose cell wall.

A

Without photosynthesis, plants would not have carbohydrates for respiration.
In addition, the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis are also used to build plant cell structures, like the cellulose cell wall.

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15
Q
Light reaction:
in:
\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_+
out:
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
Calvin Cycle:
in:
\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_
out:
\_\_\_\_
A
Light reaction:
in:
Light H2O NADP+
out:
NADPH
O2
ATP
Calvin Cycle:
in:
ATP, NADPH
out:
sugar
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16
Q

plants are green becuase they reflect yellow and green wavelength. Other wavelength are abosorb.

A

plants are green becuase they reflect yellow and green wavelength. Other wavelength are abosorb.

17
Q

______ abosorb photon of light. Absorb light energy excite electrons.

A

chlorophyll abosorb photon of light. Absorb light energy excite electrons.