Plant like Protista Flashcards
biflagellated
2 grooves on the body:
one wraps around cell
one goes down cell
Dinoflagellates
-most marine
-flagellated, biflagellated
-can swim, stay in light
when do dinoflagellates have an impact
when you have a bloom of them - when #’s go crazy
example of a dinoflagellate bloom
red tide
what impact do blooms have on the economy
causes a decrease in the economy because tourists stop coming during this time & not spending money bc beach is closed
neurotoxins
dinoflagellates produce these, kills fish
-clams, oysters, and mussels aren’t affected: put into vessel and store it
what happens if you eat clams with neurotoxins stored
PSP - paralytic shellfish poison
-shut down the ability to inhale, paralyze the diaphragm, cooking doesn’t get rid of the toxins
what is something super unique about dinoflagellates
if you agitate them, they light up
planimal
jellyfish - an animal who is starting to photosynthesis, make own food by symbiotic relationship
Euglenoids
no major disease, no commercial use, ponds around here, have an eye spot (head toward light), have chloroplast (photosynthetic), HETEROTROPHIC AND AUTROTROPIC as single cell
What is so important about euglenoids
they are the reason we have the category Protista
- are these plants or animals
Heterotroph
consume food made by autotrophs
Autotrophs
make their own food
Rhodapyta
red algae, phycoerythrin pigment, grow attached, deep water - no light; red so can absorb, MULTICELLULAR, finally starting to “look” like a plant
Why are rhodapyta important
economically a big deal
- products generated by these: carrageenan - used as a stabilizer, most of the dairy isle, thickens/emulsifies, milkshakes, sauces, TSA plates
impact of algae as a whole
dangerous and damaging, ranging from single-celled to as large as trees
Chrysophytes
unicellular marine protists; phytoplankton
3 major groups of Chrysophyta
- yellow-green
- golden algae
- diatoms
Cell wall make up of each of the Chrysophyte groups
yellow/green/golden algae CW = cellulose
diatoms CW = silica (glass)
Yellow Green Chrysophytes
marine & freshwater, flagellated, aka water-felt - fuzzy
Golden Algae
some flagellated, something we get in ponds around here
Diatoms
CW = silica (glass)
enclosed in glass basically
- no flagella, non motile, can’t swim so eventually drop out of light column & end up @ bottom of ocean
why are diatoms known as “gas guzzlers”
produce around 20-50% oxygen in the world
Diatomaceous earth (DE)
diatom skeletons pile up bc glass can’t be digested - can buy the white powder of this to use
what is diatoms very impactful towards
photosynthetically, oxygen production, environmentally, and then we use them when they are dead
uses of diatoms
in art & as a hobby (diatom particles), in paint on road, potting plants/cat liter, stabilize dynamite, abrasion/polishes, insectiside
2 forms of diatoms
- pennate: long cylinder-looking ones
- Centric: square box looking ones
Phaeophyceae
brown algae, most sessile, because of their size used by a lot of people
ex: kelp (iodine)(food), fertilizer, face peels
Bodies of phaeophyceae and their equivalent to roots, stems, leaves
bodies: plant-like (thallus)
holdfasts(root), stipes(stem), blades(leaves)
Anatomical part that Phaeophyceae have that is similar to plants
air bladders - provide buoyancy in these algae to stay upright & compete for light
- like plants but are NOT plants
Rock Weed (Phaeophyceae)
have ancient form of body = dichotomous branching (split into Y) - this is why they are considered plant-like protista
Sargassum
large brown algae (floats)
- typically in tropical water
-in sargasso sea - middle of atlantic, everything goes to middle, protective habitat for baby turtles because there is nothing there
Chlorophyta
green algae
-in most habitats
-possible evolutionary link to plants (photosynthetic, same pigments)
-unlike brown algae and dino. green algae have singular, multicellular, and colonial
Chlamydomonas
green algae, biflagulatted, chlorophyll A, B, Xan, caro., sexual & asexual, single-celled greens found in any pond
Ulothrix
first filamentous, sessile, 1 chloroplast, algal characteristic - c shaped
Oedogonium
freshwater, reproductive structure makes them easily identifiable, primary producers of H20
Ulva
sea lettuce (seaweed)
Spirogyra
spiral chloroplasts, nonsexual part of this is noticeable
Volvox
first colonial - 100s-1000s individual cells each with 2 flagella in a ball that is motile
- sexual & asexual
-group of cells that work together
Desmids
-go from single-celled to filamentous
-common greens, fresh water
-tend to mix up with diatoms main difference is these hv an isthmus (puckered in place)
