Plant like Protista

Question 1

biflagellated

Answer 1

2 grooves on the body:
one wraps around cell
one goes down cell

Question 2

Dinoflagellates

Answer 2

-most marine
-flagellated, biflagellated
-can swim, stay in light

Question 3

when do dinoflagellates have an impact

Answer 3

when you have a bloom of them - when #’s go crazy

Question 4

example of a dinoflagellate bloom

Answer 4

red tide

Question 5

what impact do blooms have on the economy

Answer 5

causes a decrease in the economy because tourists stop coming during this time & not spending money bc beach is closed

Question 6

neurotoxins

Answer 6

dinoflagellates produce these, kills fish
-clams, oysters, and mussels aren’t affected: put into vessel and store it

Question 7

what happens if you eat clams with neurotoxins stored

Answer 7

PSP - paralytic shellfish poison
-shut down the ability to inhale, paralyze the diaphragm, cooking doesn’t get rid of the toxins

Question 8

what is something super unique about dinoflagellates

Answer 8

if you agitate them, they light up

Question 9

planimal

Answer 9

jellyfish - an animal who is starting to photosynthesis, make own food by symbiotic relationship

Question 10

Euglenoids

Answer 10

no major disease, no commercial use, ponds around here, have an eye spot (head toward light), have chloroplast (photosynthetic), HETEROTROPHIC AND AUTROTROPIC as single cell

Question 11

What is so important about euglenoids

Answer 11

they are the reason we have the category Protista
- are these plants or animals

Question 12

Heterotroph

Answer 12

consume food made by autotrophs

Question 13

Autotrophs

Answer 13

make their own food

Question 14

Rhodapyta

Answer 14

red algae, phycoerythrin pigment, grow attached, deep water - no light; red so can absorb, MULTICELLULAR, finally starting to “look” like a plant

Question 15

Why are rhodapyta important

Answer 15

economically a big deal
- products generated by these: carrageenan - used as a stabilizer, most of the dairy isle, thickens/emulsifies, milkshakes, sauces, TSA plates

Question 16

impact of algae as a whole

Answer 16

dangerous and damaging, ranging from single-celled to as large as trees

Question 17

Chrysophytes

Answer 17

unicellular marine protists; phytoplankton

Question 18

3 major groups of Chrysophyta

Answer 18

1. yellow-green
2. golden algae
3. diatoms

Question 19

Cell wall make up of each of the Chrysophyte groups

Answer 19

yellow/green/golden algae CW = cellulose
diatoms CW = silica (glass)

Question 20

Yellow Green Chrysophytes

Answer 20

marine & freshwater, flagellated, aka water-felt - fuzzy

Question 21

Golden Algae

Answer 21

some flagellated, something we get in ponds around here

Question 22

Diatoms

Answer 22

CW = silica (glass)
enclosed in glass basically
- no flagella, non motile, can’t swim so eventually drop out of light column & end up @ bottom of ocean

Question 23

why are diatoms known as “gas guzzlers”

Answer 23

produce around 20-50% oxygen in the world

Question 24

Diatomaceous earth (DE)

Answer 24

diatom skeletons pile up bc glass can’t be digested - can buy the white powder of this to use

Question 25

what is diatoms very impactful towards

Answer 25

photosynthetically, oxygen production, environmentally, and then we use them when they are dead

Question 26

uses of diatoms

Answer 26

in art & as a hobby (diatom particles), in paint on road, potting plants/cat liter, stabilize dynamite, abrasion/polishes, insectiside

Question 27

2 forms of diatoms

Answer 27

1. pennate: long cylinder-looking ones
2. Centric: square box looking ones

Question 28

Phaeophyceae

Answer 28

brown algae, most sessile, because of their size used by a lot of people
ex: kelp (iodine)(food), fertilizer, face peels

Question 29

Bodies of phaeophyceae and their equivalent to roots, stems, leaves

Answer 29

bodies: plant-like (thallus)
holdfasts(root), stipes(stem), blades(leaves)

Question 30

Anatomical part that Phaeophyceae have that is similar to plants

Answer 30

air bladders - provide buoyancy in these algae to stay upright & compete for light
- like plants but are NOT plants

Question 31

Rock Weed (Phaeophyceae)

Answer 31

have ancient form of body = dichotomous branching (split into Y) - this is why they are considered plant-like protista

Question 32

Sargassum

Answer 32

large brown algae (floats)
- typically in tropical water
-in sargasso sea - middle of atlantic, everything goes to middle, protective habitat for baby turtles because there is nothing there

Question 33

Chlorophyta

Answer 33

green algae
-in most habitats
-possible evolutionary link to plants (photosynthetic, same pigments)
-unlike brown algae and dino. green algae have singular, multicellular, and colonial

Question 34

Chlamydomonas

Answer 34

green algae, biflagulatted, chlorophyll A, B, Xan, caro., sexual & asexual, single-celled greens found in any pond

Question 35

Ulothrix

Answer 35

first filamentous, sessile, 1 chloroplast, algal characteristic - c shaped

Question 36

Oedogonium

Answer 36

freshwater, reproductive structure makes them easily identifiable, primary producers of H20

Question 37

Ulva

Answer 37

sea lettuce (seaweed)

Question 38

Spirogyra

Answer 38

spiral chloroplasts, nonsexual part of this is noticeable

Question 39

Volvox

Answer 39

first colonial - 100s-1000s individual cells each with 2 flagella in a ball that is motile
- sexual & asexual
-group of cells that work together

Question 40

Desmids

Answer 40

-go from single-celled to filamentous
-common greens, fresh water
-tend to mix up with diatoms main difference is these hv an isthmus (puckered in place)