Angiosperms Flashcards
Phyla Anthophyta
youngest group, most recently evolved
flowers: allow for direct pollination; allure w sugars
fruits: allow for seed distribution (any body that has seeds)
2 organ systems of angiosperms
shoots and roots
roots in angiosperms
anchorage and absorption; not all roots absorb water, only young roots
older roots grow bark; anchor
Germination
protrusion of baby roots (radicals) out of seed coat
Emergence
when root stems out of ground
Tap root systems
have primary and lateral root
primary: lengthens (main tap root that goes into ground)
lateral: widens (little ones that branch off)
Apical meristem
sight of mitosis on tips of roots and stem; Produces stems, leaves, and reproductive structures throughout the plant’s li
Root hairs
epidermal extensions of single cells
- increase surface area
-extra water and mineral absorption
Shoot organs
stems and leaves
responsible for photosynthesis (via leaves), supporting the plant structure (via stems
Terminal bud
enclose apical mitotic tip on stem; primary growth
Node
where bud and leaf are located
Bud
future branches - share anatomy with main stem
always occur right above leafs
Internode
stem area between nodes
cotyledon
the first part of an angiosperm, or flowering plant, to emerge from a seed and provide nutrients to the embryo (NOT leafs)
Leafs
primary photosynthetic structure
Petiole and Blades
petiole is the “stem” of the leaf
why are angiosperms the only vascular plant that can be either monocot or dicot
these classifications only apply to flowering plants (angiosperms) and not other vascular plants like gymnosperms
Monocot
1 cotyledon when planted
Dicot
2 cotyledons
Dicot root
star shaped center
little surrounding cells = phloem
big cells in center = xylem
Monocot root
ring shaped center
Dicot leaves
net patterns
Monocot leaves
parallel patterns
Dicot floral parts
4 or 5
Monocot floral part
multiples of 3’s
Flower Inflorescenes
cluster of flowers
Perfect Flower
both male and female layers
Imperfect Flower
only one sex
Stamen
male layer ( anther makes pollen/sperm ; filament supports)
Pistil
female layer (ovary = egg, style holds @right distance)
Male layer of flower
stamen; androecium
female layer of flower
pistol; gynoecium
Complete flowers
contain all 4 layers: petals, sepals, stamen, pistil
monoecious
plant has seperate boy and girl flowers on same plant
diecious
2 different plants for each sex
gardening plants
monoecious
hollys/willows
diecious
Fruit anatomy
hard throughout:
soft throughout:
hard outside:
Hard throughout: nut
Soft throughout: berry
hard outside: drupes or stone