Plant classification

Question 1

What are the main characteristics of plants?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic, Multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophs and contain cell walls with cellulose

Question 2

What are the 4 different types of plants?

Answer 2

Phodoplyta(red algae), Chlorophytes (green algae), Embryophytes(land plants), Charophytes (fresh water green algae)

Question 3

What are the main characteristics of Charaphytes?

Answer 3

Rings of cellulose synthesizing proteins in plasma membrane, formation of phragmoplast during cell division, peroxisome enzymes to minimise lose of organic products due to photorespiration

Question 4

What are the adaptations of plants so they could live on land?

Answer 4

Charophyte algae lived in shallow water subject to drying, natural selection followed the development of sporopollenin (durable polymer) to prevent zygotes from drying out but also live permanently above water.

Question 5

What are the advantages to plants living above water?

Answer 5

More unfiltered bright light, more co2 in atmosphere, soil rich in minerals and few herbivores/pathogens

Question 6

What are the disadvantages to plants living above water?

Answer 6

Scarcity of water and lack structural support against gravity

Question 7

What are the derived traits of plants? (Not in charophytes)

Answer 7

Alternation of generation, Multicellular, dependent embryos, walled spores produced in sporangia, multicellular gametangia and apical meristems

Question 8

What is sexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 8

Fusion of gametes

Question 9

What is asexual reproduction in plants?

Answer 9

Grow from part cut off adult (carrots), send special shoot runners (strawberries) or spores on underside of leaves (ferns)

Question 10

What is the alternation of generation in plants?

Answer 10

Alternating between sexual and asexual phases. Morphologically distinct. Diploid form (2n chromosome)-sporocyte, Haploid form (n chromosome) gametophyte

Question 11

What is a vascular plant?

Answer 11

Tracheophytes, circulates liquids (ferns, conifers)

Question 12

What is a non vascular plant?

Answer 12

Bryophytes, cannot retain water or deliver to plant bodies (mosses)

Question 13

What are seedless plants?

Answer 13

Spread by making spores

Question 14

What are seeded plants?

Answer 14

Fertilized ovule containing plant embryo (spermatophytes)

Question 15

What are bryophytes?

Answer 15

Seedless, non vascular plants

Question 16

What are Lycophytes?

Answer 16

Seedless, vascular plants ie club mosses

Question 17

What are characteristics of monocots?

Answer 17

1 cotyledon, veins on leaves parallel, vascular tissue scattered, no main root, pollen grain 1 opening and floral organs in 3’s

Question 18

What are characteristics of eudicots?

Answer 18

2 cotyledons, veins usually net like, vascular tissue arranged in rings, main root present, pollen grain with 3 openings, floral organs in 4/5’s

Question 19

What is pollination?

Answer 19

Sexual reproduction that can be self pollinated or cross pollinated

Question 20

What are the 4 complete parts of a flower?

Answer 20

Sepal, petals, stamens and carpals