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Animal classification Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the main characteristics of kingdom animalia?

A

Heterotrophs (must ingest organic molecules- herbivores, carnivores or omnivores), many eukaryotic cell that contains collagen, mostly sexual reproduction (diploid stage life cycle and haploid stage in reproduction) and the specific adaptations include muscle and nervous systems

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2
Q

What are the 9 groups of animalia?

A

Platythelminthes, Porifora, Nematoda, Mollusca, Chordata, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Arthopoda and Annelida

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3
Q

What are the main characteristics of Annelida?

A

Body segmentation (coelom divided into series of repeated parts-metamerism, metamere), complete digestive tract, segmentation allows for flexibility/motility, cluster nerve cells and excretory organs in metamere, nerve cords/blood vessels/digestive tract pass through wall and are unsegmented. Walls are septum (thin sheets of mesodermic tissue, isolating coelom). Each segment is ring like and similar. Soft bodies, round in cross section, repetition of organs in segments

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4
Q

What are the 3 classes in Annelida?

A

Polychaeta (polychaetes), Oligochaeta (oligochaetes/earthworms) and Hirudinea (Leech)

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5
Q

What are the main characteristics of Arthropoda?

A

Evolved from annelids, invertebrate, open circulatory system, organs for gas exchange, symmetrical, bodies segmented and covered with exoskeleton (head, thorax, abdomen) and moult to grow- end stage metamorphisis

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6
Q

List a few examples of Arthopoda

A

Butterfly, dragonfly and wasp

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7
Q

What are the main characteristics of Chordata?

A

Hollow nerve cord in dorsal side of body, notochord (flexible rod between nerve cord and digestive tract), cell structures in pharynx, digestive tube located behind mouth, post-anal tail, bilateral symmetry in some stage life cycle, have coelom (made from outgrowth of digestive tube-coelomates). All are deuterosomes (embryo development anus forms before mouth), body segmentation and true tissue shown.

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8
Q

What are the 3 subphylas of Chordata ?

A

Urochordata (tunicates- characteristics in larval stage), Cephalachordata (lancilate, show characteristics in adult stage) and vertebrata

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9
Q

What are the main characteristics of vertebrate chordata?

A

Enclosed brain by skull, skull and backbone contain vertebrate, skull and vertebrate are exoskeleton and have hard bone or cartilage

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10
Q

What are the 7 classes of vertebrate chordata and list examples?

A

Agnatha (Fish lacking jaws-lamprey, hagfish), Chondrichthyes (cartilagenous fish- sharks and rays), Osteichthytes (bony fish), Amphibia (Adapted to terrestrial and aquatic-frog, toad), reptilia (descendent of amphibia but land only- lizard, snake), Aves (birds) and Mammalia (hair and mammory glands- humans can be 3 types-monotremes, marsupials and eutherians)

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11
Q

What is a monotreme?

A

egg laying and feed on milk (platypus and echidna)

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12
Q

What is a marsupial?

A

Give birth to undeveloped young nursed in pouch (kangaroos, koalas)

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13
Q

What is a eutherian?

A

Placenta, joins embryo to uterus (humans, horses)

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14
Q

What are the types of Cnidaria? Give examples

A

Hydrozoa (diverse polyps, hydra), Schphozoa (jellyfish), Anthozoa (sea anenomes, corals) and Cubozoa (cuboidal swimming cups)

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15
Q

What are the main characteristics of Cnidaria?

A

Radically symmetrical, body types-polyp and medusa, mouth leads direct to gastrovascular cavity (incomplete digestive system), carnivores (capture prey using cnidocytes), 2 layered tissue seperated by gelatinous layer (mesoglea). outer layer is dermis and inner is gastrodermis (forms body cavity). Functions performed by individual tissue

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16
Q

What is the polyp body type?

A

cylindrical body, tentacles on 1 end and anchored to something on the other

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17
Q

What is the medusa body type?

A

Umbrella shaped body, fringed by tentacles, floats freely

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18
Q

What are the main characteristics of Echinodermata?

A

Almost all marine, Radically symmetrical when fully grown, no body segmentation, coelom made from digestive tube

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19
Q

What are the 5 classes of Echinodermata?

A

Blastozoa (extinct), Crinozoa (sea lillies), Echinozoa (sea urchins), Asterozoa (starfish) and Homalozoa (extinct)

20
Q

What are the main characteristics of mollusca?

A

Muscular foot for locomotion, mantle covers animal, have external calcium carbonate shell, mantle used for respiration, waste disposal and sensory reception, complete digestive tract, coelom developed from solid cell masses, mantly cavity houses gills, are protosomes and organs suspended in mesentary tissue with mesodermic coelom between ectoderm and endoderm

21
Q

What are the 7 classes of mollusca?

A

Polyplacophora (chitons), aplacophora (molluscs without shells), Monoplascophora (molluscs with 1 shell), Schapoda (molluscs with tubular shells), Gastropoda (gastropods, snails), Bivalvia (Bivalves) and Cephalopoda (Cephalopods, squids, octupuses)

22
Q

What are the main characteristics of Nematoda?

A

roundworms (cylindrical worms with no apparent head), cuticle (tough outer layer of nonliving skin protection), alimentary canal (seperate mouth and anus), psuedocoelomates (internal body space surrounding endodermic tissue of digestive tract), can be parasitic or free living and no distinct classes

23
Q

What are the main characteristics of Porifera?

A

All species sponge, simplest animals (no true tissue), majority radically symmetrical, 3 layers- outer (flattened cells and pores), skeletal cells (spongin or mineral containing particles), inner most (choanocytes)

24
Q

What are the 3 class of porifera?

A

Calcera (rigid calcium carbonate), Demospongia (majority sponges), Hexactinellida (many extinct, silicia spines)

25
Q

What are the main characteristics of Platythelminthes?

A

All flatworms, primitive, bilaterally symmetrical, primitive brains, 2 long nerve cords (top to end), lack complete digestive tract

26
Q

What are the classes of Platythelminthes?

A

Turbellaria (free living worms), Trematoda (flukes, live as parasites), Monogenea (flukes) and Cestoldea (tapeworms)

27
Q

What is bilateral symmetry?

A

Divisble into symmetrical halves

28
Q

What is radial symmetry?

A

Symmetry about a central axis

29
Q

What is asymmetrical?

A

Cannot cut to be symmetrical halves

30
Q

What is the gastrovascular cavity?

A

Digestive cavity, no anus, excess food/waste exits through mouth. Serves as digestion and circulation

31
Q

What are coelomates?

A

Animals that have coeloms from outgrowth of digestive tube

32
Q

What is a coelom?

A

Made from digestive tube or cell masses. Principal body cavities located between intestinal canal and body wall.

33
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Allows for flexibility and mobility

34
Q

What is protostome?

A

Multicellular organsim, mouth develops from primary embryonic opening

35
Q

What is dueterostrome?

A

anus forms before mouth in embryonic development

36
Q

What is a vertebrate and non vertebrate?

A

Has backbone and/ or spinal column or lacking backbone

37
Q

What is asexual?

A

Reproduction from single organism

38
Q

What is sexual?

A

Fusion of female and male gametes

39
Q

What is parthenogenesis?

A

Forms from egg of female without male sperm. Type of asexual reproduction

40
Q

What is alternation of generation?

A

Alternation of sexual and asexual phases

41
Q

What is the open and closed circulatory system?

A

Blood can be open to digestive tract or using arteries, veins and capillaries

42
Q

What is exothermic and endothermic?

A

Releasing of heat and absorption of heat

43
Q

What is autotrophs?

A

Organsim capable of synthesizing own food from inorganic substances using light/chemical energy

44
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

Derives nutrition from plant/animal matter

45
Q

What is a chemoautotroph and photoautotroph?

A

Chemo obtains energy through chemosynthesis and photo obtains energy through photosynthesis

46
Q

What are the 5 subphylums of arthropoda?

A

Trilobitomorpha (3 lobes, compound eyes), Chelicerata (arm like feeding appendages-spiders, mites, ticks), Crustacea (mouthpart are mandibles, 2 pairs of antennae- lobsters and crabs), Hexapoda (head, thorax, abdomen-grasshoppers and butterflies) and Myriapoda (numerous segments, 1 pair antennae-centipedes and millipedes)

Biology (19 decks)

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