Macromolecules Flashcards
What are the 4 types of macromolecules?
Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids
What are the characteristics of carbon?
Atom with 4 valence electrons. Can make 4 bonds including single, double and triple covalent bonds.
What are the functional groups of carbon?
Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Sulfhydryl, Methyl and Phosphate (ATP)
What are the two processes that make/break polymers?
Hydrolysis- seperates water to seperate polymers to monomers (uses water). Dehydration- Extracts parts of water to make polymers and water (by product is water)
What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides (glucose, ribose, fructose), Disaccharides (maltose, lactose, sucrose) and Polysaccharrides (Amylose- starch, Glycogen-liver/muscle cells, Cellulose-in cell walls for strength, Chitin- exoskeleton of arthropods)
What are the types of Nucleic acid?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What are the characteristics of DNA?
Inherited genetic material, provides direction for own replication, directs RNA synthesis and controls pattern synthesis
What are the characteristics of RNA?
Conveys genetic material instructions from DNA to the ribosomes to make proteins.
What is the composition of nucleic acids?
Has nucleotides (phosphate group, nitrogenous base an d pentose (5 carbon sugar)). Forms double helix structure. Has 4 nitrogenous bases: Adenine, Thymine or Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine.
What is the combination of the nitrogenous bases?
T/U and A and C and G
What are proteins?
1 or more polypeptides folded into specific formations constructed from amino acids. Allows organisms to function and reproduce
What is the process of making proteins?
From DNA, to mRNA which tells ribosome to make amino acids that form polypeptide (protein)
What are the types of proteins?
Enzymatic, Defensive, Storage, Transport, Hormonal, Receptor, Contractile/Motor and Structural
What are amino acids?
Monomer, Centre carbon atom, a hydrogen group, a carboxyl group, an amino group and an r group that determines chemistry
What are the levels of protein structure?
Primary (chain of amino acids), Secondary (folding of polypeptide chain into sheets), Tertiary (3D folding due to side chain) and Quaternary (protein consisting of more than 1 amino chain)
