Plant biology Flashcards
is the reason why water can flow through the vessel
and reach the peak of tall trees.
Transpiration pull
The chemical process by which sugars and starches produced by photosynthesis
it converted to energy is called
Oxidation
Controlled oxidation in a living cell
known as
Respiration
is a ripened ovule containing an embryo within a seed coat, often with
additional storage tissues
A seed
- It is the progression from earlier to later stages in maturation,
e.g. a fertilized egg develops into a mature tree. It is the process whereby tissues,
organs, and whole plants are produced
Development
It is the irreversible change in size of cells and plant organs due to both
cell division and enlargement. Enlargement necessitates a change in the elasticity
of the cell walls together with an increase in the size and water content of the
vacuole
Growth
- They are seedless,
vascular plants that show true
alternation of generation
Pteridophytes
- It is with crown
of large pinnately compound
leaves
Cycadophata
Hardy,
deciduous tree, dioecious
Ginkgophyta
needle-like leaves
Pinophata
has no flowers but with
naked seed
Gymnosperm
- has some root and leaflike structure
Bryophyta
no seed
Cryptogram
with seed
Phanerogram
plant flowers without regard to duration of darkness;
Day neutral plants
These are those that only bloom when the length of the day
exceeds a certain threshold
Long day plant
These plants are those that only bloom when the length of
the day falls below a certain threshold
Short-day plants
It is a result of plants’ reaction to light and dark intervals.
* It causes different fruiting seasons
Photoperiodism
promotes flowers in some species; opposes some auxin effects;
promotes fruit ripening and abscission; promotes root formation
Ethylene
promotes leaf aging; closes stomata during dry spells; helps
maintain seed dormancy; inhibits growth
Abscisic acid
stimulate flowering, fruit development and seed germination;
promote bud development, stem elongation and leaf growth
Gibberelins
- It stimulates germination; delay leaf aging; stimulates cell division
and growth; affects root growth and differentiation
Cytokinin
apical dominance; affect root growth differentiation and branching; retard
leaf abscission; stimulate stem elongation; development of fruit; phototropism
and gravitropism
Auxin
It is the matured ovary which
contains the seed
Fruit
All outer structures
that surround the seed
Pericarp
It is the innermost layer
of the pericarp which surrounds a seed
in a fruit
Endocarp
It is the middle layer of
the pericarp of a fruit, between the
endocarp and the exocarp
Mesocarp
- It is the outer layer of the
pericarp of a fruit
Exocarp
sarcotesta
Arila
funicular end of the
seed body
Chalaza
food reserve tissue
in seed derived from fertilized
polar nuclei; or food reserve
derived from megagametophyte
in gymnosperm
Endosperm
young sporophyte
consisting of epicotyl, hypocotyl,
radicle, and one or more
cotyledons
Embryo
- funicular scar on seed
coat
Hilum
hole through seed
coat
Micropyle
reserve in seed
derived from diploid nucellus
integuments
Perisperm food
covering of
seed outer protective
Seed coat
on seed coat
formed from adnate funiculus
Raphe ridge
protective sheath
around epicotyl in grasses
Coleoptile
protective sheath
around radicle in grasses
Coleorhiza
embryonic leaf or
leaves in seed
Cotyledon
apical end of embryo
axis that gives rise to shoot
system
Epicotyl
embryonic stem in
seed, located below cotyledon
Hypocotyl
embryonic leaves in
seed, derived from epicotyl
Plumule
basal end of embryo
axis that gives rise to root
system
Radicle
shatters open when
ripe
Dehiscent fruit
It is a self-pollination
where the transfer of pollen grains from
the anther and stigma occurs within the
same plant
Autogamy
It is the type of selfpollination where the transfer of pollen
grains from the anther to the stigma
takes place between different flowers in
the same plant.
Geitonogamy
the
transfer of pollen from the anther of one
plant to the stigma of another plant
Xenogamy
In the course of their life cycle,
plant alternate between two
separate life stages or generations:
the gametophyte, a haploid stage,
and the sporophyte, a diploid
stage
Alternation of generaitons
Plants utilize energy from the sun
to convert light energy to chemical
energy responsible for the
production of glucose through
photosynthesis
Producer
Plant cells contain a clearly
defined nucleus enclosed by a
nuclear membrane and membrane
bound organelles.
Eukaryotic
Plants are organisms that exist as
specialized groups of cells; cells
are organized into tissues that
perform the same function;
tissues form organs and organs
make up an organ system
Multicellular
- These are tissues in which the cells
remain forever young and divide
actively throughout the life of the plant
Merismatic tissue
