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OAT Bio > Plant Bio Slides III > Flashcards

Plant Bio Slides III Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of the stamen?

A

Release pollen

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2
Q

What is the stamen made of?

A

Anther and Filament

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3
Q

What is the carpel made of?

A
  • Stigma
  • Style
  • Ovary
  • Ovule
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4
Q

What is etiolation?

A

Morphological adaptations for growing in the darkness

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5
Q

What is the response resulting in a curvature of the plant either to or away the stimulus?

A

Tropism

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6
Q

What is Auxin?

A

A growth-promoting chemical produced in the apical meristem, young leaves, and the embryo

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7
Q

What is Gibberellin?

A

Stem elongation

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8
Q

What are major classes of light receptors?

A
  • Blue-light photoreceptors

- Phytochromes

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9
Q

What are phytochromes?

A

Light receptors that provide the plant with information about the quality of light

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10
Q

Thigmotropism is the plant growth response to

A

Touch

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11
Q

Thigmotropism occurs in

A

Vines and climbing plants

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12
Q

Some plants undergo rapid leaf movements in response to mechanical stimulation. This is due to

A

Action Potential

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13
Q

How do plants act during a drought?

A

They close up their stomata to reduce water loss

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14
Q

How do plants act during a flooding?

A

They form air tubes which allow for survival in oxygen deprived areas

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15
Q

How do plants act within salty environments?

A

They produce solutes at high concentration to avoid osmotic water loss

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16
Q

How do plants act within the heat?

A

They synthesize heat shock proteins which reduce protein denaturation

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17
Q

How do plants act within cold temperatures?

A

They adjust membrane fluidity, avoid osmotic water loss and produce antifreeze proteins

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18
Q

Plants utilize defense systems to

A
  • Deter herbivory
  • Prevent infection
  • Combat pathogens
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19
Q

What is the plant’s main line of defense against infection?

A

The barrier of the epidermis and the periderm

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20
Q

How do pathogens enter a plant?

A

Via wounds or natural openings (stomata)

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21
Q

What are the two forms of Immune response?

A
  • PAMP-triggered Immunity

- Effector-triggered Immunity

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22
Q

What is PAMP-triggered Immunity based on?

A

The plant’s ability to recognize PAMPs

23
Q

What are Effectors?

A

Pathogen-encoded proteins cripple the host’s innate immune system

24
Q

PAMPS are specific to

A

Certain pathogens

25
Q

What happens when a plant recognizes PAMP?

A

There are signaling events which dictate the production of antimicrobial chemicals and toughening of the cell wall

26
Q

What happens when Pathogens deliver these Effectors?

A

They suppress PAMP-triggered immunity

27
Q

Plants fight against herbivory by:

A
  • Toxins (molecular level)
  • Crystals
  • Dense tissues
  • Phonemes (chemicals that trigger defense responses in nearby members)
  • Masting (mass seed production)
28
Q

What is primary growth?

A

The lengthening of the roots and shoots

29
Q

What is secondary growth?

A

The increase of diameter in stems and roots in woody plants

30
Q

The plant body is produced by

A
  • Growth
  • Morphogenesis
  • Cell differentiation
31
Q

Vascular plants have

A

Roots, stems, and leaves

32
Q

What is the function of roots?

A

Take up water and minerals from the ground

33
Q

The shoot system of a plant is the stuff

A

Above the ground

34
Q

The root system of a plant is the stuff

A

Below the ground

35
Q

The absorption of water and minerals happens

A

Near the tips of the roots

36
Q

What are root hairs?

A

Extensions near the root tip that increase the absorptive surface of the root

37
Q

Root systems form

A

Mycorrhizal associations with fungi

38
Q

The nodes of the stem are where the

A

Leaves are attached

39
Q

The internodes are the

A

Areas of the stem that are in between nodes

40
Q

What is the function of the stem?

A

It elongates and orients the shoot to maximize photosynthesis

41
Q

Leaves consist of

A

A blade and the petiole (joins leaf to node)

42
Q

Leaves develop from

A

The leaf primordia found along apical meristem

43
Q

What are the stomata?

A

Pores in the epidermis that allow for gas exchange and evaporation of H2O

44
Q

What regulates the opening and closing of the stomata?

A

Guard cells

45
Q

What are the three types of tissues found in plants?

A
  • Vascular
  • Dermal
  • Ground
46
Q

What is the function of the vascular tissue?

A

It facilitates the transport of material through the plant and provides mechanical support

47
Q

Phloem transfers sugar to

A

Storage structures

48
Q

What allows for the continuous growth of plants?

A

Meristems

49
Q

What are meristems?

A

Unspecialized tissues of dividing cells

50
Q

Secondary growth is rare in monocots but can be found in

A

Gymnosperms and eudicots

51
Q

Large xylem is produced during the

A

Wet season

52
Q

Small xylem is produced during the

A

Dry season

53
Q

What is the sapwood?

A

The outer layers of the secondary xylem

OAT Bio (24 decks)

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