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OAT Bio > Plant Bio Slides > Flashcards

Plant Bio Slides Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are protocells?

A

Aggregates of O2 molecules

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2
Q

Protocells are surrounded by

A

A lipid-like membrane

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3
Q

What happens to phospholipids when they come in contact with water?

A

They assemble themselves into bilayers

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4
Q

Sedimentary rocks are deposited into layers called

A

Strata

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5
Q

What are the eons of the Geological Record?

A
  • Hadean
  • Archaean
  • Proterozoic
  • Phanerozoic
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6
Q

The Phanerozoic Eon can be divided into which Eras?

A
  • Paleozoic
  • Mesozoic
  • Cenozoic
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7
Q

What were the Earth’s sole living inhabitants from 3.8 to 2 billion years ago?

A

Prokaryotes

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8
Q

The earliest prokaryotes did not

A

Produce Oxygen

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9
Q

Oxygen photosynthesis began about

A

3.5 billion years ago

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10
Q

First eukaryotes emerged at about

A

2.1 billion years ago

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11
Q

The first eukaryotes originated via

A

Endosymbiosis with mitochondria and plastids

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12
Q

What is characteristic of mitochondria and plastids?

A
  • Double membrane
  • Circular DNA
  • Prokaryotic-like ribosomes
  • Replicate via division
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13
Q

What emerged from the Cambrian explosion?

A

New phyla with new body plans

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14
Q

What is Heterochrony?

A

The alteration of reproductive development timing relative to the development of nonreproductive organs

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15
Q

What is paedomorphosis?

A

The rate of reproductive development accelerating compared to somatic development

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16
Q

Which genes determine aspects like where the wings and legs might develop on a bird? How about the arrangement of flower parts?

A

Homeotic genes

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17
Q

What are factors that can alter allele frequency?

A
  • Genetic Drift
  • Gene Flow
  • Natural Selection
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18
Q

What is Gene Flow?

A

The movement of fertile individuals or alleles between populations

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19
Q

What are two methods of Speciation?

A
  • Allopatric

- Sympatric

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20
Q

What is Allopatric Speciation a result of?

A

Geographical Separation

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21
Q

Sympatric Speciation consists of

A
  • Pre-zygotic barriers like mating and fertilization

- Post-zygotic barriers

22
Q

What is the region in which members of different species mate and produce hybrids?

A

Hybrid zone

23
Q

What are the three Domains of Life?

A
  • Eukarya
  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
24
Q

Protists are

A

Eukaryotes and unicellular

25
Q

Most protists can be found in

A

Aquatic and moist terrestrial environments

26
Q

Protists act like

A

Food for other organisms

27
Q

Which eukaryotes exhibit the most structural and functional diversity?

A

Protists

28
Q

What are the three types of protists?

A
  • Photoautotrophs
  • Heterotrophs
  • Mixotrophs
29
Q

What are Photoautotrophic protists?

A

Ones which contain chloroplasts

30
Q

What are Heterotrophic protists?

A

Ones which absorb Oxygen or ingest food particles

31
Q

What are Mixotrophs?

A

Protists which combine both photosynthesis and heterotrophic behavior

32
Q

How are protists reproductively?

A

Can be either asexual or sexual

33
Q

What are the two key roles of protists?

A
  • Symbiont

- Producer

34
Q

What are the most abundant organisms on earth that are able to thrive anywhere?

A

Prokaryotes

35
Q

Prokaryotes are mostly

A

Unicellular

36
Q

What are the types of shapes prokaryotes come in?

A
  • Cocci (spherical)
  • Bacilli (Rods)
  • Spirals
37
Q

Eukaryotic cell walls are made of either

A
  • Cellulose (plants)

- Chitin (fungi)

38
Q

Bacterial cell walls are made of

A

Peptidoglycan

39
Q

What is Peptidoglycan?

A

A network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides

40
Q

How do antibiotics work?

A

They target Peptidoglycan to damage the correct cell walls

41
Q

What is a capsule?

A

A sticky outer layer of a polysaccharide or protein

42
Q

A capsule allows for the

A

Adherence to a substrate

43
Q

What is the function of a bacteria’s capsule?

A

It shields the bacteria from the host’s immune system

44
Q

Many prokaryotes form metabolically inactive

A

Endospores

45
Q

Prokaryotes have hair like appendages called

A

Fimbriae

46
Q

What is the function of the Fimbriae?

A

They allow for prokaryotes to stick to a substrate or other individuals in a colony

47
Q

What allows for prokaryotes to exchange DNA?

A

Pilli

48
Q

What are longer, pilli or fimbriae?

A

Pilli

49
Q

About half of prokaryotes exhibit taxis, which is the

A

Ability to move towards or away from a stimulus

50
Q

Chemotaxis is the

A

Movement either towards or away from a chemical stimulus

OAT Bio (24 decks)

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