Phylum Chordata

Question 1

What four features are Chordates associated with?

Answer 1

• Notochord
• Dorsal Nerve Cord
• Pharyngeal Slits
• Post-Anal Tail

Question 2

What is a Notochord?

Answer 2

Longitudinal rod made of cartilage

Question 3

The notochord runs between the

Answer 3

Nerve cord + digestive tract

Question 4

What is the Notochord replaced by in vertebrates?

Answer 4

Vertebral column in vertebrates

Question 5

What is the Dorsal Nerve Cord?

Answer 5

Bundle of nerve fibers that connects brain to muscles + other organs

Question 6

What is the Post-Anal Tail?

Answer 6

Extension of the body beyond anus

Question 7

What allows for the Post-Anal Tail to provide locomotion?

Answer 7

Skeletal muscles

Question 8

What are Pharyngeal Slits?

Answer 8

Openings that connect mouth and throat

Question 9

What is the purpose of the Pharyngeal Slits?

Answer 9

They allow for entry of water through the mouth without entering digestive system

Question 10

What kind of symmetry to chordates exhibit?

Answer 10

Bilateral symmetry

Question 11

How many tissues do chordates have?

Answer 11

Three, making them triploblasts

Question 12

What is the level of organization displayed by Chordates?

Answer 12

Organ-system level

Question 13

Chordates respire either with

Answer 13

Gills or lungs

Question 14

Chordates excrete via

Answer 14

Intestines or kidneys

Question 15

Class Chondrichthyes consists of

Answer 15

Sharks and Rays

Question 16

Chondrichthyes have flexible endoskeletons made of

Answer 16

Cartilage

Question 17

Class Osteichthyes consists of

Answer 17

Bony fish

Question 18

Class Osteichthyes are fish with bony skeletons and

Answer 18

Scales

Question 19

Class Osteichthyes possess a swim bladder for

Answer 19

Buoyancy control

Question 20

Class Amphibia consists of

Answer 20

Frogs, toads, salamanders, newts

Question 21

How do Amphibians respirate?

Answer 21

Through their skin

Question 22

How can gills transform their respiratory system?

Answer 22

Aquatic larval stage has gills, which turn into lungs via Metamorphosis

Question 23

How is the fertilization + development of Amphibians?

Answer 23

External

Question 24

How does the heart transform for amphibians?

Answer 24

Larval stage maintains 2 chambers, whereas adult stage has 3

Question 25

Class Reptilia consists of organisms like

Answer 25

Turtles, lizards + snakes

Question 26

Reptiles have scales made of

Answer 26

Keratin

Question 27

Reptiles obtain oxygen via

Answer 27

Lungs

Question 28

How is fertilization for reptiles?

Answer 28

Internal

Question 29

Reptiles are Ectothermic, meaning they

Answer 29

Regulate body temperature through behavioral adaptations rather than by metabolism

Question 30

How is a reptilian heart?

Answer 30

Two atria + a ventricle w/ partial septum

Question 31

What allows for insulation in birds?

Answer 31

Feathers and fat

Question 32

How is a bird’s heart?

Answer 32

Has 4 chambers

Question 33

Birds are

Answer 33

Endotherms

Question 34

Birds have a high

Answer 34

Metabolism