Plant Bio Slides II

Question 1

Prokaryotes are able to reproduce quickly via

Answer 1

Binary fission, which occurs every 1 to 3 hours

Question 2

Prokaryotes have genetic variation due to

Answer 2

• Mutation
• Rapid reproduction
• Genetic recombination

Question 3

Prokaryotic DNA of different individuals can be brought together via

Answer 3

• Conjugation (transfer of plasmids)
• Transformation (naked plasma transfer)
• Transduction

Question 4

What is horizontal gene transfer?

Answer 4

The movement of genes among individuals of different species

Question 5

What are the four major modes of nutrition in prokaryotes?

Answer 5

• Photo-autotroph
• Photo-heterotroph
• Chemo-autotroph
• Chemo-heterotroph

Question 6

What happens during Nitrogen Fixation?

Answer 6

Prokaryotes convert N2 to NH3

Question 7

Archaea share traits with

Answer 7

Both bacteria and eukaryotes

Question 8

What are the three types of Archaea?

Answer 8

• Extremophiles
• Extreme Halophiles
• Extreme Thermophiles

Question 9

What are Extremophiles?

Answer 9

Archaea living in extreme environments

Question 10

What are Extreme Halophiles?

Answer 10

Archaea that live in highly saline environments

Question 11

What are Extreme Thermophiles?

Answer 11

Archaea that live in extreme temperatures

Question 12

What do prokaryotes contribute to the earth?

Answer 12

They recycle chemical elements between the living and nonliving portions

Question 13

Some chemoheterotrophic prokaryotes are able to function as

Answer 13

Decomposers

Question 14

What kind of relationships do prokaryotes often form?

Answer 14

Symbiotic relationships

Question 15

What happens in commensalism?

Answer 15

One organism benefits while neither harming or helping the other

Question 16

What happens in parasitism?

Answer 16

The parasite does not kill the host

Question 17

What are pathogens?

Answer 17

Parasites that cause disease

Question 18

Bacteria are able to control their host by

Answer 18

Producing molecules

Question 19

What are the bacterial molecules used to control the host?

Answer 19

• Hormones for appetite and mood

- Signaling molecules for inflammation and disease

Question 20

Antibiotics work by

Answer 20

Attracting targets different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 21

What are cyanobacteria?

Answer 21

Photoautotrophs that generate Oxygen

Question 22

Cyanobacteria evolved into

Answer 22

Chloroplasts

Question 23

What are cyanotoxins?

Answer 23

Powerful natural poisons

Question 24

What are the types of cyanotoxins?

Answer 24

• Neurotoxins
• Hepatotoxins
• Cytotoxins
• Endotoxins

Question 25

Plants evolved from

Answer 25

Green algae

Question 26

What is another name for green algae?

Answer 26

Charophytes

Question 27

Mosses and nonvascular plants have life cycles dominated by

Answer 27

Haploid gametophytes

Question 28

Which plants were to first to grow tall?

Answer 28

Seedless, Vascular plants

Question 29

What plant adaptions were key for life on dry land?

Answer 29

Seeds and pollen

Question 30

Most gymnosperms are

Answer 30

Conifers

Question 31

What are gymnosperms?

Answer 31

Plants with naked seeds on their sporophylls

Question 32

What are the reproductive adaptations of angiosperms?

Answer 32

- Flower | - Fruit

Question 33

What is the fruit of an angiosperm?

Answer 33

Mature ovaries which contain seeds

Question 34

Algae are not plants but are

Answer 34

Photosynthetic protists

Question 35

What are traits found in all plants minus charophytes?

Answer 35

- Alternation of generations - Multicellular and dependent embryos - Spores in the sporangia - Multicellular Gametangia - Apical Meristems

Question 36

What is the sporangia?

Answer 36

A receptacle in which asexual spores are formed

Question 37

What is the Alternation of generations experienced by plants?

Answer 37

One form is diploid, with 2n chromosomes: the sporophyte. | The other form is haploid with only one set of chromosomes: the gametophyte.

Question 38

What are small, woody plants?

Answer 38

Bryophytes

Question 39

What are the three types of Bryophytes?

Answer 39

- Liverworts - Mosses - Hornworts

Question 40

What are the earliest lineages to diverge from the common ancestor of land plants?

Answer 40

- Liverworts - Mosses - Hornworts

Question 41

Which plant is found in Phylum Hepatophyta?

Answer 41

Liverworts

Question 42

Which plant is found in Phylum Bryophata?

Answer 42

Moss

Question 43

Which plant is found in Phylum Anthocerophyta?

Answer 43

Hornworts

Question 44

True plants grow at their

Answer 44

Apical Meristems

Question 45

What are tardigrades?

Answer 45

Waterbears found on moss

Question 46

What is significant about tardigrades?

Answer 46

They are resilient to desiccation, extreme temperatures, vaccuum and space

Question 47

What do Bryophytes and Seedless Vascular plants have in common?

Answer 47

They both have flagellated sperm and are found in moist environments

Question 48

Describe ferns and their allies:

Answer 48

- Vascular Tissues - Well-developed roots and leaves - Dominant sporophyte generation

Question 49

Xylem is vascular plant tissue that transports

Answer 49

Water and minerals with tube-shaped tracheid cells

Question 50

Phloem is vascular plant tissue that

Answer 50

Has cells arranged into tubes to distribute sugars and Amino Acids

Question 51

All seed plants have

Answer 51

- Reduced gametophytes (or microscope "genitalia") - Heterospory (micro and mega spores for gametophytes) - Ovules - Pollen (male gametophyte) - Seeds

Question 52

Seeds contain

Answer 52

Food supply for the embryo

Question 53

The protective seed coat comes from

Answer 53

The mother

Question 54

What happens if the sporophyte is the main generation?

Answer 54

There is more genetic variety due to being diploid

Question 55

Angiosperms are the most

Answer 55

Widespread and diverse

Question 56

What are examples of Angiosperms?

Answer 56

- Flowers | - Fruits

Question 57

Fruits are formed when the

Answer 57

Ovary wall thickens and matures

Question 58

Flowering plants can be divided into

Answer 58

- Dicots | - Monocots

Question 59

Dicots and Monocots differ in the number of

Answer 59

Cotyledons, or embryonic leaves, found

Question 60

The clade eudicot includes

Answer 60

Most dicots