Plant Bio 1; Vitamin C Flashcards

1
Q

How many prescription drugs come from plants?

A

1/4

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2
Q

Function of anti-oxidants?

A

Protects proteins, lipids, carbs, nucleic acids from reactive oxygen species

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3
Q

What regenerates other antioxidants?

A

Vitamin E

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4
Q

What is vitamin C required for?

A

Synthesis of collagen, norepinephrine, carnitine

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5
Q

What are free radicals?

A

Chemical containing an unpaired electron in its outer shell
Reactive oxygen species
Highly reactive

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6
Q

Example of vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

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7
Q

What is aspirin derived from?

A

Willow (bark salicylic acid)

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8
Q

What is digoxin derived from?

A

Foxglove

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9
Q

What is malaria derived from?

A

Artemisia (artemisin)

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10
Q

Can humans (and guinea pigs) synthesise ascorbic acid?

A

No- due to the mutation in the last enzyme required for ascorbate synthesis

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11
Q

Why must vitamin c be obtained regularly?

A

Because it can’t be stored in the body

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12
Q

Good sources of vitamin C?

A

Kiwifruit, broccoli, peppers

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13
Q

Bad sources of vitamin c?

A
Rice 
Pears 
Potatoes 
Apples 
Tomatoes
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14
Q

How does cooking affect vitamin C content?

A

It reduces it

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15
Q

Best/worst way to cook broccoli?

A
Best= raw, steamed 
Worst= boiled
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16
Q

Three pathways of vitamin C synthesis?

A

Smirnoff-wheeler pathway
Myo-inositol pathway
D-galacturonate pathway

17
Q

Pathway of Smirnoff-wheeler pathway?

A

D-mannose to L-galactose to ascorbic acid

Model plant= arabidopsis

Important in fruit

18
Q

Describe the myo-inositol pathway?

A

Inositol 1-P to my-inositol to ascorbic acid

Example; kiwifruit

19
Q

Describe the D-galacturonate pathway?

A

Link to final step of Smirnoff-wheeler pathway

Galacturonate to ascorbic acid

20
Q

Function of vitamin C in plants?

A

Plant growth

Photosynthesis

21
Q

Photosynthesis equation?

A

Carbon dioxide+ water + sunlight to carbohydrates+ oxygen

22
Q

What happens to a mutant where vitamin C synthesis is affected?

A

Slow growth
Less chloroplast
Less chlorophyll (senescence occurs rapidly)

23
Q

What does vitamin C function in plants do?

A

Acts as a response to abiotic and biotic stress

Increases production of free radicals

24
Q

In regards to ascorbic acids, how is DHA formed?

A

APX; asc peroxidase detoxifies H2O2 in chloroplasts

Ascorbate+ H2O2 to 2H2O + DHA

25
Q

What DHAR do to ascorbic acid?

A

DHA reductase converts DHA+ 2GSH to ascorbate and GSSG

10% DHA
90% ascorbate

26
Q

How do you get more vitamin c into your diet?

A

Eat fresh fruit and vege
Enhance vit c concentration in highly consumed fruit and vegetable
Avoid vitamin C loss during storage and cooking