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AP Biology > Plant Anatomy > Flashcards

Plant Anatomy Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 3 embryonic plant tissues?

A
  • protoderm
  • procambium
  • ground meristem
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2
Q

what does the protoderm develop into?

A

plants covering

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3
Q

what does the procambium develop into?

A

plants vascular tissue

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4
Q

what does the ground meristem develop into?

A

tissue between covering and vascular tissue

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5
Q

what are the 3 mature tissues?

A
  • dermal
  • vascular tissue
  • ground tissue
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6
Q

what is the dermal tissue?

A

plants skin/protective coating

may develop other special parts like root hairs and shit

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7
Q

what does the vascular tissue do?

A

it conducts fluids and is responsible for secondary growth

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8
Q

wha is the ground tissue?

A

fills space between the dermal/vascular

  • can perform photo synthesis
  • stores materials
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9
Q

what are the 3 common cells?

A
  • parenchyma
  • collenchyma
  • sclerenchyma
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10
Q

what are some characteristics about parenchyma

A
  • most common cell
  • has thin primary cell wall
  • has all normal plant organelles
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11
Q

what are the functions of parenchyma cells?

A
  • photosynthesis
  • respiration
  • food/water storage
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12
Q

what are some characteristics of collenchyma cells?

A
  • thickened primary cell walls

- grouped in strands for flexible support

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13
Q

what are some characteristics of sclerenchyma cells?

A
  • support plants by having a thicc, stiff;), secondary cell wall
  • dead at maturity
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14
Q

how does germination start?

A

when the seed coat is…

  • worn away
  • burned
  • broken
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15
Q

during germination, the aleurone starts to produce alpha-amylase, which does what?

A

breaks down starch into sugars

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16
Q

during germination, the radicle and the hypocotyl do what?

A

elongate and leaves begin to develop

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17
Q

growth is __________ because do embryonic tissues called meristems.

A

indeterminate

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18
Q

where are primary and secondary meristem growths?

A

primary- apical

secondary- lateral

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19
Q

what are two characteristics of meristem cells?

A
  • unspecified

- divide to make new cells

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20
Q

what are the 3 types of roots?

A
  • tap
  • adventitious
  • arial
21
Q

what are tap roots?

A

primary root that others develop from

22
Q

what are adventitious roots?

A

the form the branching network of roots (MONOCOTS)

23
Q

what are arial roots?

A

roots that form above ground

24
Q

what is the point of primary growth from the root?

A

root tip

25
Q

what is the root cap?

A

protection for the apical meristem

26
Q

what is the dermal tissue?

A

protection/absorption of water/minerals

27
Q

what is the zone of differentiation?

A

the 3 embryonic tissue types form here (protoderm/procambium/ground meristem)

28
Q

what is the zone of elongation?

A

where cells lengthen by water uptake

29
Q

what is the cortex?

A

makes up young roots

stores food

30
Q

what is the endodermis?

A

layer of cells surrounding vascular tissue in root (water goes through the cells)

31
Q

what are each of the endodermal cells surrounded by waxy substance called what?

A

suberin

32
Q

what is the pericycle?

A
  • conducts water toward vascular tissue

- produces secondary roots and bark

33
Q

what is in the stele (vascular cylinder)?

A

xylem- water

phloem- sap

34
Q

what does the stem do?

A
  • pathway for materials
  • support
  • produces other things
35
Q

what does the vascular tissue contain?

A
  • conductive cells
  • support fibers
  • parenchyma
36
Q

what are the conducting cells?

A
  • phloem (living at maturity with primary cell wall)

- xylem (dead at maturity with secondary cell wall)

37
Q

what is the primary growth in stems?

A

similar to growth of roots (not as distinct)

38
Q

in stems, the apical meristem is covered in what instead of cap?

A

leaf primordia

39
Q

what is the vascular cambium made up of?

A

cells from the embryonic procambium

40
Q

in dicots, what does the vascular cambium do?

A

makes a ring of phloem/xylem

41
Q

xylem becomes _____ and phloem becomes _______

A

heartwood, bark

42
Q

what do leaves do?

A
  • photosynthesis

- control water

43
Q

what is the blade?

A

main photosynthetic structure

44
Q

what is the petiole?

A

leaf stem

45
Q

what are the lead veins like in mono/dicots?

A

dicots- large central vein

monocots- parallel veins

46
Q

what are the 3 types of leaf arrangements?

A
  • alternate
  • whorled
  • opposite
47
Q

all parts of flower and spines of cacti are what?

A

specialized leaves

48
Q

succulents stop excessive water loss by having stomata in what?

A

pits

AP Biology (7 decks)

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