Plant Anatomy

Question 1

what are the 3 embryonic plant tissues?

Answer 1

• protoderm
• procambium
• ground meristem

Question 2

what does the protoderm develop into?

Answer 2

plants covering

Question 3

what does the procambium develop into?

Answer 3

plants vascular tissue

Question 4

what does the ground meristem develop into?

Answer 4

tissue between covering and vascular tissue

Question 5

what are the 3 mature tissues?

Answer 5

• dermal
• vascular tissue
• ground tissue

Question 6

what is the dermal tissue?

Answer 6

plants skin/protective coating

may develop other special parts like root hairs and shit

Question 7

what does the vascular tissue do?

Answer 7

it conducts fluids and is responsible for secondary growth

Question 8

wha is the ground tissue?

Answer 8

fills space between the dermal/vascular

• can perform photo synthesis
• stores materials

Question 9

what are the 3 common cells?

Answer 9

• parenchyma
• collenchyma
• sclerenchyma

Question 10

what are some characteristics about parenchyma

Answer 10

• most common cell
• has thin primary cell wall
• has all normal plant organelles

Question 11

what are the functions of parenchyma cells?

Answer 11

• photosynthesis
• respiration
• food/water storage

Question 12

what are some characteristics of collenchyma cells?

Answer 12

• thickened primary cell walls

- grouped in strands for flexible support

Question 13

what are some characteristics of sclerenchyma cells?

Answer 13

• support plants by having a thicc, stiff;), secondary cell wall
• dead at maturity

Question 14

how does germination start?

Answer 14

when the seed coat is…

• worn away
• burned
• broken

Question 15

during germination, the aleurone starts to produce alpha-amylase, which does what?

Answer 15

breaks down starch into sugars

Question 16

during germination, the radicle and the hypocotyl do what?

Answer 16

elongate and leaves begin to develop

Question 17

growth is __________ because do embryonic tissues called meristems.

Answer 17

indeterminate

Question 18

where are primary and secondary meristem growths?

Answer 18

primary- apical

secondary- lateral

Question 19

what are two characteristics of meristem cells?

Answer 19

• unspecified

- divide to make new cells

Question 20

what are the 3 types of roots?

Answer 20

• tap
• adventitious
• arial

Question 21

what are tap roots?

Answer 21

primary root that others develop from

Question 22

what are adventitious roots?

Answer 22

the form the branching network of roots (MONOCOTS)

Question 23

what are arial roots?

Answer 23

roots that form above ground

Question 24

what is the point of primary growth from the root?

Answer 24

root tip

Question 25

what is the root cap?

Answer 25

protection for the apical meristem

Question 26

what is the dermal tissue?

Answer 26

protection/absorption of water/minerals

Question 27

what is the zone of differentiation?

Answer 27

the 3 embryonic tissue types form here (protoderm/procambium/ground meristem)

Question 28

what is the zone of elongation?

Answer 28

where cells lengthen by water uptake

Question 29

what is the cortex?

Answer 29

makes up young roots | stores food

Question 30

what is the endodermis?

Answer 30

layer of cells surrounding vascular tissue in root (water goes through the cells)

Question 31

what are each of the endodermal cells surrounded by waxy substance called what?

Answer 31

suberin

Question 32

what is the pericycle?

Answer 32

- conducts water toward vascular tissue | - produces secondary roots and bark

Question 33

what is in the stele (vascular cylinder)?

Answer 33

xylem- water | phloem- sap

Question 34

what does the stem do?

Answer 34

- pathway for materials - support - produces other things

Question 35

what does the vascular tissue contain?

Answer 35

- conductive cells - support fibers - parenchyma

Question 36

what are the conducting cells?

Answer 36

- phloem (living at maturity with primary cell wall) | - xylem (dead at maturity with secondary cell wall)

Question 37

what is the primary growth in stems?

Answer 37

similar to growth of roots (not as distinct)

Question 38

in stems, the apical meristem is covered in what instead of cap?

Answer 38

leaf primordia

Question 39

what is the vascular cambium made up of?

Answer 39

cells from the embryonic procambium

Question 40

in dicots, what does the vascular cambium do?

Answer 40

makes a ring of phloem/xylem

Question 41

xylem becomes _____ and phloem becomes _______

Answer 41

heartwood, bark

Question 42

what do leaves do?

Answer 42

- photosynthesis | - control water

Question 43

what is the blade?

Answer 43

main photosynthetic structure

Question 44

what is the petiole?

Answer 44

leaf stem

Question 45

what are the lead veins like in mono/dicots?

Answer 45

dicots- large central vein | monocots- parallel veins

Question 46

what are the 3 types of leaf arrangements?

Answer 46

- alternate - whorled - opposite

Question 47

all parts of flower and spines of cacti are what?

Answer 47

specialized leaves

Question 48

succulents stop excessive water loss by having stomata in what?

Answer 48

pits