Invertebrates Flashcards
what are 3 characteristics of invertebrates?
- heterotrophic
- multicellular
- eukaryotic
what do invertebrates store carbohydrates in/as?
as glycogen in muscles/liver
invertebrates don’t have cell walls but they do have _____
intercellular junctions
invertebrates do have ____ and _____ tissue
muscle and nervous
what type of reproduction?
mostly sexual
what does the dominant organism produce?
flagellated sperm/sessile eggs
the gametes fuse, do mitosis to form a blastocyst.. what is a blastocyst
hollow ball of cells
what does the blastocyst do to form 3 tissue layers?
gastrulation
what do some life cycles contain?
larval stage
what are the 3 types of symmetry?
- none
- radial
- bilateral
what are the 3 types of tissues?
- none
- diploblastic
- triploblastic
what are the 2 tissues in diploblastic organisms and what do they form?
endoderm- gut
ectoderm- skin
what are the 3 tissues in triploblastic and what do they form?
endoderm- digestive organs
mesoderm- muscles
ectoderm- skin/nerves
what are the 3 types of body cavities? (ONLY IN TRIPLOBLASTS)
- acoelomates
- pseudocoelomates
- coelomates
what are acoelomates?
no fluid-filled body cavities
what are pseudocoelomates?
cavity between endoderm and mesoderm
endoderm floats freely in cavity
what are coelomates?
body cavity with completely lined mesoderm
what are the two types of development in coelomates?
- protostomes
- deuterostomes
what does protostome and deuterostome mean?
- first mouth (blastosphere becomes)
- second mouth (aka blastosphere is anus first)
what does the cell cleavage do in both protostomes and deuterostomes?
proto: spiral pattern
deutero: radial
of protostomes and deuterostomes, which one has cells with a determinate developmental path?
protostome
how does the mesoderm develop in proto/deuterostomes?
proto: schizocoelously
deutero: enterocoelously
what do filter feeders do?
filter particles from water
what happens in a two-way gut
food and waste enter/exit in the same opening
what happens in a one way gut?
food moves from mouth to anus
what happens in organisms with no circulatory systems?
they use diffusion only
what happens in an open circulatory system?
blood leaves the vessels and puts blood on the tissues directly without capillaries
what happens in a closed circulatory system?
blood stays in vessels and nutrients/waste diffuse in and out
what are the 3 types of nervous systems?
- none
- nerve net
- central/peripheral nervous system
what happens with a nerve net?
no cephalization or centralization
no head or brain/spinal chord… every neuron is equal
what happens with CNS and PNS?
cephalization and centralization happen— correlates with ability to move
what is segmentation?
repetition of a body part
what does segmentation allow for?
evolutionary flexibility and separate functions
what are the 5 things that invertebrates had to overcome when evolving to living on land?
- dehydration
- sperm to egg
- development of young
- support of body
- gas exchange
what are the 3 types of respiration?
- diffusion
- gills
- trachea
what does diffusion require?
organism must be…
-small
or
-large surface area to volume ratio
what are gills?
highly divided tissues
what is a trachea?
branching tubules that bring gassed close to cells
what are the 4 types of excretion?
- simple diffusion
- protonephridia
- metanephridia
- malpighian tubules (most advanced)
what are the 3 types of ASEXUAL reproduction?
- budding
- parthenogenesis
- fragmentation
what is budding?
smaller organism grows from larger one
what is parthenogenesis?
diploid egg produced and develops into clone of female
what is fragmentation?
piece that is torn off from an organism
what are characteristics of sexual reproduction in invertebrates?
- external/internal fertilization
- external development
- some hermaphrodites
what do invertebrates do to regulate their temperature?
cold blooded, use behavior to control temp
