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AP Biology > Invertebrates > Flashcards

Invertebrates Flashcards

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1
Q

what are 3 characteristics of invertebrates?

A
  • heterotrophic
  • multicellular
  • eukaryotic
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2
Q

what do invertebrates store carbohydrates in/as?

A

as glycogen in muscles/liver

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3
Q

invertebrates don’t have cell walls but they do have _____

A

intercellular junctions

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4
Q

invertebrates do have ____ and _____ tissue

A

muscle and nervous

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5
Q

what type of reproduction?

A

mostly sexual

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6
Q

what does the dominant organism produce?

A

flagellated sperm/sessile eggs

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7
Q

the gametes fuse, do mitosis to form a blastocyst.. what is a blastocyst

A

hollow ball of cells

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8
Q

what does the blastocyst do to form 3 tissue layers?

A

gastrulation

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9
Q

what do some life cycles contain?

A

larval stage

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10
Q

what are the 3 types of symmetry?

A
  • none
  • radial
  • bilateral
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11
Q

what are the 3 types of tissues?

A
  • none
  • diploblastic
  • triploblastic
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12
Q

what are the 2 tissues in diploblastic organisms and what do they form?

A

endoderm- gut

ectoderm- skin

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13
Q

what are the 3 tissues in triploblastic and what do they form?

A

endoderm- digestive organs
mesoderm- muscles
ectoderm- skin/nerves

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of body cavities? (ONLY IN TRIPLOBLASTS)

A
  • acoelomates
  • pseudocoelomates
  • coelomates
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15
Q

what are acoelomates?

A

no fluid-filled body cavities

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16
Q

what are pseudocoelomates?

A

cavity between endoderm and mesoderm

endoderm floats freely in cavity

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17
Q

what are coelomates?

A

body cavity with completely lined mesoderm

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18
Q

what are the two types of development in coelomates?

A
  • protostomes

- deuterostomes

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19
Q

what does protostome and deuterostome mean?

A
  • first mouth (blastosphere becomes)

- second mouth (aka blastosphere is anus first)

20
Q

what does the cell cleavage do in both protostomes and deuterostomes?

A

proto: spiral pattern
deutero: radial

21
Q

of protostomes and deuterostomes, which one has cells with a determinate developmental path?

A

protostome

22
Q

how does the mesoderm develop in proto/deuterostomes?

A

proto: schizocoelously
deutero: enterocoelously

23
Q

what do filter feeders do?

A

filter particles from water

24
Q

what happens in a two-way gut

A

food and waste enter/exit in the same opening

25
Q

what happens in a one way gut?

A

food moves from mouth to anus

26
Q

what happens in organisms with no circulatory systems?

A

they use diffusion only

27
Q

what happens in an open circulatory system?

A

blood leaves the vessels and puts blood on the tissues directly without capillaries

28
Q

what happens in a closed circulatory system?

A

blood stays in vessels and nutrients/waste diffuse in and out

29
Q

what are the 3 types of nervous systems?

A
  • none
  • nerve net
  • central/peripheral nervous system
30
Q

what happens with a nerve net?

A

no cephalization or centralization

no head or brain/spinal chord… every neuron is equal

31
Q

what happens with CNS and PNS?

A

cephalization and centralization happen— correlates with ability to move

32
Q

what is segmentation?

A

repetition of a body part

33
Q

what does segmentation allow for?

A

evolutionary flexibility and separate functions

34
Q

what are the 5 things that invertebrates had to overcome when evolving to living on land?

A
  • dehydration
  • sperm to egg
  • development of young
  • support of body
  • gas exchange
35
Q

what are the 3 types of respiration?

A
  • diffusion
  • gills
  • trachea
36
Q

what does diffusion require?

A

organism must be…
-small
or
-large surface area to volume ratio

37
Q

what are gills?

A

highly divided tissues

38
Q

what is a trachea?

A

branching tubules that bring gassed close to cells

39
Q

what are the 4 types of excretion?

A
  • simple diffusion
  • protonephridia
  • metanephridia
  • malpighian tubules (most advanced)
40
Q

what are the 3 types of ASEXUAL reproduction?

A
  • budding
  • parthenogenesis
  • fragmentation
41
Q

what is budding?

A

smaller organism grows from larger one

42
Q

what is parthenogenesis?

A

diploid egg produced and develops into clone of female

43
Q

what is fragmentation?

A

piece that is torn off from an organism

44
Q

what are characteristics of sexual reproduction in invertebrates?

A
  • external/internal fertilization
  • external development
  • some hermaphrodites
45
Q

what do invertebrates do to regulate their temperature?

A

cold blooded, use behavior to control temp

AP Biology (7 decks)

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