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VCE BIO UNIT 1 CHAPTER 5 > Plant > Flashcards

Plant Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the levels of organisation

A

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism\

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2
Q

What 2 systems do plants consist of

A

Root system-

Shoot system

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3
Q

Root system

A

It absorbs water and nutrients from the soil and provides the plant with support and structure

The many branches and the root hair cells increase SA

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4
Q

Shoot system

A

(all systems besides root system)The shoot system contains the reproductive (flowers and fruits) and non reproductive sections (leaves/stems)

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5
Q

Function of roots:

A

-Absorb water and nutrients from the soil
-Provides support for the plant

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6
Q

Subcategories of roots:

A

-reproductive section
-vegetation section(not reproductive)

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7
Q

PATHWAYS OF WATER AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION IN ROOTS:

A

Extracellular pathway
Cytoplasmic pathway

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7
Q

Cytoplasmic pathway

A

mineral ions or small amounts of water either passively diffuse into the cytoplasm or are taken up via active transport in root hair cells.

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8
Q

Extracellular pathway-

A

water and solute diffuse into the gaps between the cells.

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9
Q

Categories of plants:

A

Vascular plants eg. scrubs and trees

Non vascular plants eg. moss or liverworts

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10
Q

Vascular plants –

A

contain vascular tissue which are responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.

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11
Q

-There are 2 types of vascular cells

A

xylem cells and phloem cells

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12
Q

Non vascular plants

A

do not contain vascular tissue and only require simplified tissue to function-absorb water and nutriejnts directly into theitr cels

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13
Q

What kind of transport occurs non vascular plants

A

passive tranpsort of water, nutrients and wastes

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14
Q

Why do non vascular plant only require passive transport

A

Non vascular plants passively transport substances because theyhave a high surface area to volume ratio, and substances simply diffuse across the small distances around the plant

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15
Q

DICOTS

A

is an example of a vascular plant

a group of flowering plants including fruits

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16
Q

where are vasculra tissue located

A

vascular bundles

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17
Q

The vascular bundles are made out of

A

phloem and xylem cells

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18
Q

Plant cells consist of 3 different tissues:

A

dermal tissue
vascular tissue
ground tissue

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19
Q

Dermal tissue

A

lines the outside of plants & secretes waxy substances called a cuticle to form:
-Physical barrier between a plant and it’s environment
-To reduce water loss and physical damager

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20
Q

Vascular tissue:

A

Responsible for transporting water and nutrients around the plant ]

21
Q

Ground tissue:

A

makes up the majority of the interior of the plant, through which the vascular tissues extend
Carries out metabolic processes

22
Q

What makes up vascular tissue:

A

Xylem cells
Phloem cells
Parenchyma
Sclemythyma
Collmehtyme

23
Q

Xylem cells

A

responsible for the transport of water and nutrients from root to the leaves for photosynthesis

24
Q

what kind of direction are xylem cells

what kind of dirceton are phloem cells

A

xylem cells are unidrectinal

phloem cells are bidirectional

25
Q

Phloem cells

A

responsible for the transport of sugars and other nutrients throughout the plant

26
Q

Parenchyma

A

responsible for photosynthesis and some metabolic activites

27
Q

Sclemythyma and Collmehtyme

A

provides support for the plant

28
Q

Vascular plant organs

A

Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Stems
Roots

29
Q

Function of water

A

Water is a medium for the function and transport of materials around a plant
- it prevents plants for overheating

30
Q

Why is water important to life?

A

metabolic reactions like photosynthesis
transporting nutrients and waste around the plant
preventing plants from overheating through evaporation
ensuring cells have the right tonicity
preventing wilting and/or damage from dehydration in the plant.

31
Q

function of leafs

A

site of gas exchange and photosytehsnsi

32
Q

function of fruits

A

spread the seeds and allow plant to reproduce

33
Q

stems

A

supports leafs, stems, flowers and transports water and nutrients between roots and shoots

34
Q

translocation of sugar

A

movement of sugar from suagrs from source cells to sink cells through the phloem

35
Q

explain the pressure flow model of how the phloem works

A

sugar is produced photosythensis. Then sugar moves into the phloem by acitve transport through membrane transport protein or by simple diffusion. It moves down the phloem to the roots, under pressure caused by osmosis.

36
Q

why do phloem cells have no nucleus

A

to make space for the passage of sugar

37
Q

a vascular tissue in the roots of a dicot plant such as a rose bushare containted in

A

the stele at the centre of the root

38
Q

Distinguish between vascular and non vasicular plants 2 marks

A

Vascular plants are composed of vascular tissue and transport water and minerals whilst non vascular plants are not composed of vascular tissue and only require simplified tissue to function and absorb water and nutrients directly into their cells

39
Q

differiante between phloem tissue and xylem tissue

A

phloem tissue are tubes that transport sugars around the plant in both directions

xylem tissue are tubes that transport water and minerals in one direction from the roots to the leaves

40
Q

How does wind affect transpiration rate?

A

the wind will blow off any layer of humid air around the surface of the stomata and thus this will increase the amount of water vapour that exits the plant and therefore, the transpiration rate increasses

41
Q

Using your understanding of concentration gradients explain how air flow and humidity affect the rate of transpiration 4 marks

A

If the humidity is low and the airflow is high which will blow off the humid layer around the plant’s stomata, this can mean that the concentration of water vapour outside the plant is lower compared to the inside of the plant and thus, more water vapour will evaporate DOWN the concentration gradient increasing the transpiration rate

41
Q

Using your understanding of concentration gradients explain how air flow and humidity affect the rate of transpiration 4 marks

A

If the humidity is low and the airflow is high which will blow off the humid layer around the plant’s stomata, this can mean that the concentration of water vapour outside the plant is lower compared to the inside of the plant and thus, more water vapour will evaporate DOWN the concentration gradient increasing the transpiration rate and vice versa

42
Q

Describe the role of xylem tissue and how it is adapted to carry out it’s function (tip:

A

The xylem tissue is made out of long hollow tubes which allwos the water to move up the plant. these tubes are made out of vessel elements and tracheids which contain pits that allow the horizontal movement of water within the the xylem.

Also, the cells are lignified which allows them to provide support and strength to the plant

43
Q

5.Why are the sieve tube cells called so?

A

sieve tubes contains small pores to allow for water filtration

44
Q
  1. To where does the plant translocate food?
A

from leaves to the rest of the plant

45
Q

describe how xylem assists in water trasnport in the sunflower of a plant

A

water moves up the xylem vessels by cohension between water molecules and adhesion between water molecules and the sides of the xylem walls which allows water to move up the xylem via capillaryaction

46
Q

What is the benefit of cells having a high surface area to volume ratio?

A

A high surface area to volume ratio increases the rate of diffusion across a cell surface.

46
Q

What is the benefit of cells having a high surface area to volume ratio?

A

A high surface area to volume ratio increases the rate of diffusion across a cell surface.

47
Q

What is the benefit of cells having a high surface area to volume ratio?

A

A high surface area to volume ratio increases the rate of diffusion across a cell surface.

47
Q

What is the benefit of cells having a high surface area to volume ratio?

A

A high surface area to volume ratio increases the rate of diffusion across a cell surface.

VCE BIO UNIT 1 CHAPTER 5 (8 decks)

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