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VCE BIO UNIT 1 CHAPTER 5 > excretory system > Flashcards

excretory system Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the full process of the excereoty system

A

Kidneys filter the waste. Waste moves into the bladder. It moves down a passage called the ureters and is excreted as urine through the urethra.

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2
Q

Where is majority of the nephron located

A

medulla

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3
Q

glomerulus inside the Bowman’s capsule is formed

A

renal arteries bunching together

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4
Q

Function of exctrotery system

A

removes waste and regulates water and ion concentration

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5
Q

What happens if the body did not have the exceorty system

A

buildup of toxins, nitrogenous waste, and other wastes that would kill you

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6
Q

Unrinary tract function andconsists of what

A

: produces and expels urine

Consists of:

Kidneys
ureters
bladder
Urethra

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7
Q

Blood supplt of the kidney is

A

renal artery

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8
Q

renal artery

A

carries blood to the kiidney

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9
Q

Function of renal veins

A

carry blood away from the kindey

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10
Q

Renal pelvis

A

an extension of the urethra that collects urine

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11
Q

Nephron:

A

functional unit of kidneys

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

transport blood

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13
Q

2 types of arterioles

A

afferent arterioles
efferent arterioles

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14
Q

efferent arteriole

A

move blood away from nephrons

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15
Q

afferent arteriole

A

deliver blood to nephrons

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16
Q

Parts of a nephron ->

A

The Bowman’s capsule connects to a long tube composed of the

proximal convoluted tubule,

the loop of Henle,

the distal convoluted tubule

the collecting duct

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17
Q

Hydrostatic pressure exceeds that of

A

osmotic and bowman’s capsule pressure

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18
Q

The hydrostatic pressure effects the nephron as i

A

increasing the hydrositiatc pressure inside a bowman’s cpasulce will decrease the glomerular filtration rate whilst decreasing they hydrostatic pressure will increase the glomrelular filtration rate.

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19
Q

increasing the osmotic pressure in the bowman’s caspsucle

A

decrease glomerular filtration and vice versa

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20
Q

Osmtoitc pressure

A

the pressure that pulls fluid into the glomeular capillary from the bowman’s capsule (due to the presence of proteins inthe capillary)

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21
Q

Bowman’s capsule function

A

collrects the filtrate from the glomelerus

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22
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure/what is the pressure in the glomerularly capillary

A

the pressure that forces fluid out of the gloemualr capillary into the bowman’s capsule

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23
Q

What kind of molecules can pass through glomerulus’ membranes

A

Only small molecules and water can pass through the glomerulus’ membranes: blood cells and large proteins remain behind in the glomerular capillaries

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24
Q

Proximal convoluted tubules function

A

erabsorbs ions and 65% of water and is able to secrete toxins and ammonia

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25
Q

How much water is absorbed via osmosi in proximal convoluted tubles
And why

A

As solutes have left the filtrate, about 65% of water is reabsorbed via osmosis.

26
Q

Loop of Henle (Loh) function

A

water is reabsorbed to create concencentrated urine

27
Q

What process occurs in loop of henle

A

Water passively diffuses through the descending limb (reabsorption)
This makes the descending limb highly concentrated
This highly concentrated ions will move into the ascending limb where they will be actively pumped out of the tubules
The cycle repeats

28
Q

What is the loop of henle composedof

A

composed of

ascending loop of henle
descending loop of henle
Thick asnecnidg limb
Thin descending limb

29
Q

How is reabsorption connected to the loop of henlee

A

whenwater is going through hte lop of henle back intoo the bloodstrems that is reabsorption

30
Q

Distal convoluted tubule function

A

fine tunes the filtrate by secreting and reabsorbing substances such as water and ions according to the body’s requirement

31
Q

Collecting duct (CD)function

A

filters and modifies the waste through reabsorption and secretion

32
Q

What can and cant enter the bownmans capsule

A

proteins and white blood cells cabbit enter the enter the bowmans capsule onlywaste and water can

33
Q

GLOMERULAR CAPILLARY HAS TWO TYPES OF PRESSURES

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Glomerular osmotic pressure

34
Q

what pressure is in the bownmans capsule and what does it do

A

BOWMAN’S CAPSULE PRESSURE

the pressure that pushes fluid from the capsule into the glomerular capillary

35
Q

function of nephron:

A

excretes waste through filtration of blood

36
Q

similariites between proximal and distal convulated tube

A

secretion and absorptioh

37
Q

compare the structrues of pct and dct

A

PCT lies before the loop of henle and closer to the glomerular capillary

whereas DCT lies after the loop of henle and further away from the glomerular capillary

38
Q

Rayna, a 25 year old lady, was in an accident
The doctors have done a CT scan and have noticed that her pituitary gland was destroyed
What will happen to her and why4 marks)

A

Pituitary gland is a master gland that regulates several different glands in your body.

Since Rayna’s pituitary gland was destroyed in the accident, her pituitary gland will not be able to secrete the hormones that regulates the different glands such as thyroid glands, ovaries, or adrenal glands.

this will decrease her bodily functions and will have a drastic negative effect on the way she functions in her daily life.

for example, if her pituitary gland does not release the hormone that activates the thyroid gland, the thyroid gland cannot produce thyroxine and thus her body’s ability to maintain metabolic rate and body development will be decreased

39
Q

gland

A

an organ that produces and releases substances that have a specific function in the body

40
Q

bladder

A

stores urine

41
Q

bile function

A

breaks down fats into fatty acids

42
Q

kidney

A

filters waste

43
Q

the urethra

A

excretes urine

44
Q

bladder

A

stores urine

45
Q

ureteres

A

carries urine from kidney to liver

46
Q

the steps to correctly describe the production of urine

A
  1. Blood is filtered under high pressure from the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule.

2.The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs glucose, ions, urea, and water.

3.Water and ions are reabsorbed in the loop of Henle.

4.Where required, more water and ions are reabsorbed from the collecting duct and distal convultde tubule. Some wastes may also be secreted into the filtrate

47
Q

glomerulus

A

where the intital filtration of blood occurs and where blood is pumped to kidneys

48
Q

describe how the process of the nephron

A

STEp 1: The high pressure in the glomerulus filters blood and the filtrate moves into the bowman’s capsule.

step 2: The filtrate then travels along the PCT where 65% of the water is reabsorbed and ammonia and toxins are secreted

step 3: Next. in the descending loop of henle, more water is reabsorbed making filtrate more concentarted

step 4:
Filtrate then moves into the ascending loop of henle where ions are actively pumped into the tubules as it is not permeable to water

step 5: DCT further reabsorbs water and secretes any waste products like toxins

step 6: Finally, the filtrate is highly concentrated and moves into the collecting duct where it is fine tuned to be excreted into the ureter

49
Q

OUTLINE HOW URINE LEAVES THE BODY AFTER BEING PRODUCE IN THE KIDNEYS

A

urine will travelthrough the ureters into the bladder to be excreted out of the urethra.

50
Q

structure of the kidney

A

outside is the cortex
medulla
renal pelvis
renal artery
rein vein

51
Q

what allows chyme to leave tehe stomach

A

pyloric spinister

52
Q

what enzymes are secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine

A

bicarbonate, trypsin, lipase and amylase via the pancreatic duct

53
Q

what organ produces amylase, what does amylase digest, where does this digestion occur, what is the product of this digestion and what is the optium PH

A

salivary glands

starch

mouth

maltose

7(neutral)

54
Q

what organ produces pepsin, what nutrients are digestd, where does this digestion occur, what is the product of this digestion and what is the optimal PH

A

gastric glands in the stomach

protein

stomach

peptides

1.5(acidic)

55
Q

What organ produces bile salts, what nutrients are digested, where does this digestion occur and what is the product of this digestion and what is the optimal PH

A

bile salts are produced in the liver

Fats are digested

Occurs in small intestine

product is fat droplets

optimal ph is alkaline

56
Q

What organ produces trypsin what nutrients are digested, where does this digestion occur and what is the product of this digestion and what is the optimal PH

A

PANCREAS

proteins

small intestine

amino acids

Alkaline

57
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreas

fat droplets

small intestine

fatty acids and glycerol

Alkaline

58
Q

organs compose dof the excerotory system

A

liver
kidney
lungs
bladder
skin

59
Q

process of the excreootry systme

A

excess amino acids are transported to the liverWHERE deamination occurs to create ammonia(NH3)

ammonia is broken down into urea

urea is transported into the kidneys where it is mixed with water and solutes to form and be excerted out as urine.

60
Q

NH3 what is and what happens to it

A

is ammonia which is toxic hterefore it is broken down into urea to be released from the body through deamination

61
Q

deamination

A

proccess of removing an amino acid frm a molecule.

VCE BIO UNIT 1 CHAPTER 5 (8 decks)

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