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VCE BIO UNIT 1 CHAPTER 5 > excretory system > Flashcards

excretory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the full process of the excereoty system

A

Kidneys filter the waste. Waste moves into the bladder. It moves down a passage called the ureters and is excreted as urine through the urethra.

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2
Q

Where is majority of the nephron located

A

medulla

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3
Q

glomerulus inside the Bowman’s capsule is formed

A

renal arteries bunching together

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4
Q

Function of exctrotery system

A

removes waste and regulates water and ion concentration

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5
Q

What happens if the body did not have the exceorty system

A

buildup of toxins, nitrogenous waste, and other wastes that would kill you

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6
Q

Unrinary tract function andconsists of what

A

: produces and expels urine

Consists of:

Kidneys
ureters
bladder
Urethra

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7
Q

Blood supplt of the kidney is

A

renal artery

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8
Q

renal artery

A

carries blood to the kiidney

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9
Q

Function of renal veins

A

carry blood away from the kindey

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10
Q

Renal pelvis

A

an extension of the urethra that collects urine

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11
Q

Nephron:

A

functional unit of kidneys

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

transport blood

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13
Q

2 types of arterioles

A

afferent arterioles
efferent arterioles

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14
Q

efferent arteriole

A

move blood away from nephrons

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15
Q

afferent arteriole

A

deliver blood to nephrons

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16
Q

Parts of a nephron ->

A

The Bowman’s capsule connects to a long tube composed of the

proximal convoluted tubule,

the loop of Henle,

the distal convoluted tubule

the collecting duct

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17
Q

Hydrostatic pressure exceeds that of

A

osmotic and bowman’s capsule pressure

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18
Q

The hydrostatic pressure effects the nephron as i

A

increasing the hydrositiatc pressure inside a bowman’s cpasulce will decrease the glomerular filtration rate whilst decreasing they hydrostatic pressure will increase the glomrelular filtration rate.

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19
Q

increasing the osmotic pressure in the bowman’s caspsucle

A

decrease glomerular filtration and vice versa

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20
Q

Osmtoitc pressure

A

the pressure that pulls fluid into the glomeular capillary from the bowman’s capsule (due to the presence of proteins inthe capillary)

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21
Q

Bowman’s capsule function

A

collrects the filtrate from the glomelerus

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22
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure/what is the pressure in the glomerularly capillary

A

the pressure that forces fluid out of the gloemualr capillary into the bowman’s capsule

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23
Q

What kind of molecules can pass through glomerulus’ membranes

A

Only small molecules and water can pass through the glomerulus’ membranes: blood cells and large proteins remain behind in the glomerular capillaries

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24
Q

Proximal convoluted tubules function

A

erabsorbs ions and 65% of water and is able to secrete toxins and ammonia

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25
How much water is absorbed via osmosi in proximal convoluted tubles And why
As solutes have left the filtrate, about 65% of water is reabsorbed via osmosis.
26
Loop of Henle (Loh) function
water is reabsorbed to create concencentrated urine
27
What process occurs in loop of henle
Water passively diffuses through the descending limb (reabsorption) This makes the descending limb highly concentrated This highly concentrated ions will move into the ascending limb where they will be actively pumped out of the tubules The cycle repeats
28
What is the loop of henle composedof
composed of ascending loop of henle descending loop of henle Thick asnecnidg limb Thin descending limb
29
How is reabsorption connected to the loop of henlee
whenwater is going through hte lop of henle back intoo the bloodstrems that is reabsorption
30
Distal convoluted tubule function
fine tunes the filtrate by secreting and reabsorbing substances such as water and ions according to the body's requirement
31
Collecting duct (CD)function
filters and modifies the waste through reabsorption and secretion
32
What can and cant enter the bownmans capsule
proteins and white blood cells cabbit enter the enter the bowmans capsule onlywaste and water can
33
GLOMERULAR CAPILLARY HAS TWO TYPES OF PRESSURES
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure Glomerular osmotic pressure
34
what pressure is in the bownmans capsule and what does it do
BOWMAN'S CAPSULE PRESSURE the pressure that pushes fluid from the capsule into the glomerular capillary
35
function of nephron:
excretes waste through filtration of blood
36
similariites between proximal and distal convulated tube
secretion and absorptioh
37
compare the structrues of pct and dct
PCT lies before the loop of henle and closer to the glomerular capillary whereas DCT lies after the loop of henle and further away from the glomerular capillary
38
Rayna, a 25 year old lady, was in an accident The doctors have done a CT scan and have noticed that her pituitary gland was destroyed What will happen to her and why4 marks)
Pituitary gland is a master gland that regulates several different glands in your body. Since Rayna's pituitary gland was destroyed in the accident, her pituitary gland will not be able to secrete the hormones that regulates the different glands such as thyroid glands, ovaries, or adrenal glands. this will decrease her bodily functions and will have a drastic negative effect on the way she functions in her daily life. for example, if her pituitary gland does not release the hormone that activates the thyroid gland, the thyroid gland cannot produce thyroxine and thus her body's ability to maintain metabolic rate and body development will be decreased
39
gland
an organ that produces and releases substances that have a specific function in the body
40
bladder
stores urine
41
bile function
breaks down fats into fatty acids
42
kidney
filters waste
43
the urethra
excretes urine
44
bladder
stores urine
45
ureteres
carries urine from kidney to liver
46
the steps to correctly describe the production of urine
1. Blood is filtered under high pressure from the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule. 2.The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs glucose, ions, urea, and water. 3.Water and ions are reabsorbed in the loop of Henle. 4.Where required, more water and ions are reabsorbed from the collecting duct and distal convultde tubule. Some wastes may also be secreted into the filtrate
47
glomerulus
where the intital filtration of blood occurs and where blood is pumped to kidneys
48
describe how the process of the nephron
STEp 1: The high pressure in the glomerulus filters blood and the filtrate moves into the bowman's capsule. step 2: The filtrate then travels along the PCT where 65% of the water is reabsorbed and ammonia and toxins are secreted step 3: Next. in the descending loop of henle, more water is reabsorbed making filtrate more concentarted step 4: Filtrate then moves into the ascending loop of henle where ions are actively pumped into the tubules as it is not permeable to water step 5: DCT further reabsorbs water and secretes any waste products like toxins step 6: Finally, the filtrate is highly concentrated and moves into the collecting duct where it is fine tuned to be excreted into the ureter
49
OUTLINE HOW URINE LEAVES THE BODY AFTER BEING PRODUCE IN THE KIDNEYS
urine will travelthrough the ureters into the bladder to be excreted out of the urethra.
50
structure of the kidney
outside is the cortex medulla renal pelvis renal artery rein vein
51
what allows chyme to leave tehe stomach
pyloric spinister
52
what enzymes are secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine
bicarbonate, trypsin, lipase and amylase via the pancreatic duct
53
what organ produces amylase, what does amylase digest, where does this digestion occur, what is the product of this digestion and what is the optium PH
salivary glands starch mouth maltose 7(neutral)
54
what organ produces pepsin, what nutrients are digestd, where does this digestion occur, what is the product of this digestion and what is the optimal PH
gastric glands in the stomach protein stomach peptides 1.5(acidic)
55
What organ produces bile salts, what nutrients are digested, where does this digestion occur and what is the product of this digestion and what is the optimal PH
bile salts are produced in the liver Fats are digested Occurs in small intestine product is fat droplets optimal ph is alkaline
56
What organ produces trypsin what nutrients are digested, where does this digestion occur and what is the product of this digestion and what is the optimal PH
PANCREAS proteins small intestine amino acids Alkaline
57
Lipase
Pancreas fat droplets small intestine fatty acids and glycerol Alkaline
58
organs compose dof the excerotory system
liver kidney lungs bladder skin
59
process of the excreootry systme
excess amino acids are transported to the liverWHERE deamination occurs to create ammonia(NH3) ammonia is broken down into urea urea is transported into the kidneys where it is mixed with water and solutes to form and be excerted out as urine.
60
NH3 what is and what happens to it
is ammonia which is toxic hterefore it is broken down into urea to be released from the body through deamination
61
deamination
proccess of removing an amino acid frm a molecule.

VCE BIO UNIT 1 CHAPTER 5 (8 decks)

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