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VCE BIO UNIT 1 CHAPTER 5 > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

function of endocrine system

A

release hormones

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2
Q

hormones are required for

A

Growth
Metabolism
Maintenance for stable internal environment
Onset of puberty

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3
Q

Function of signalling molecules

A

communicate, send signals and receive other signalling molecules

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4
Q

Why are hormones specific

A

Hormone molecules bind to specific receipts on target cells that are complemayar to the hormones, causing a response in the target cell.

Therefore, hormone are specific because they only influence cells with specific receotprs

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5
Q

Why is it ensured that endocrine hormones only affect certain organs or cell and not random organs or cels as it passes through the bloodstream:

A

Because the endocrine hormones only bind to specific receptor on target cells that are complementary to the hormone, therefore only affecting certain cells or organs

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6
Q

what is the endocrine system

A

a collection of glands responsible for the production of hormones,

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7
Q

Where are hormones transported and how ar ethye tranpsorted

A

Hormones are transported to where they are needed in the body via the bloodstream in the blood circulatory system.

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8
Q

Forms of chemical signalling:

A

Autocrine
Paracrine
Endocrine

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9
Q

Endocrine

A

when a cell release a signal hormone that targets a distant cell and passes through the bloodstream to recreate this cell

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10
Q

Paracrine

A

when a cell releases a signal that target an adjacent cell or a nearby cell eg. a neuron that targets a nearby cell

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11
Q

Autocrine:

A

when a cell releases a signals that targets itself eg. t cells as they release signals that bind to other t cells causing t cells to multiply

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A

helps maintain body temperature and influences the function of the pituitary gland

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13
Q

Pituitary gland

A

regulates many glands and releases many hormones

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14
Q

what does the hypothalamus do when it detects a temperature change in the body

A

signals to the body to bring back the change to normal by signalling to the pituitary gland

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15
Q

Pineal gland

A

regulates sleep and bone metabolism

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16
Q

Thyroid and parathyroid gland:

A

ontrols growth rate metabolic rate, and development of the body

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17
Q

Thymus

A

produces the hormone thymosin which stimulates the development of cellsof the immune system

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18
Q

Pancreas i

A

involved in digestive system nad maintenance of blood sugar by releasing insulin and glucagon

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19
Q

function of insulin

A

decreases blood sugar levels

20
Q

how does insulin decrease blood sugar levels

A

by causing gllucose to be stored as glycogen,

21
Q

function of glucagon

A

increases blood sugar levles

22
Q

how does glucagon increase blood sugar levles

A

breaks down the stored glyogen back into glucose and releases this glucose into the bloodstream

23
Q

Adrenal gland:

A

Involves in bodys stress response

,metbaolic regulation,

blood pressure

immune system

24
Q

Placenta:

A

nourishes the baby and sitmulates mammary growth

25
Q

Ovaries

A

Major role in developing and regulating the bodys reproductive system

26
Q

What hormone does the pituitary gland produce and its funciton, what are the target organs/cells and what i

A

produces growth hormone

target audience is bone and muscle

its requried for growth and protein sythensis

27
Q

WhWhat hormone does the thyroid gland produce and its funciton, what are the target organs/cells and what i

A

produces thyroxine

target organs are manycells

it regulates the rate of celluar metabolism

28
Q

What hormone does the aderenal gladn produce and its funciton, what are the target organs/cells and what i

A

produces adrenaline

makes your heart beat faster and your lungs breathe more efficiently

29
Q

What hormone does the pancreas
produce and its funciton, what are the target organs/cells

A

prodcues insulin

regulates blood glucose levels

targets many differnet cells

30
Q

What hormone does the ovaries produce and its funciton, what are the target organs/cells

A

estrogen

reuqired for sexual delveopment, breast development and reuglation of menstrual cycle

targets female reproductive tissues

31
Q

What hormone does the testes produce and its funciton, what are the target organs/cells

A

testosterone

required for sexual devloepemnt, increased muscle and body hair growth

targetted towards male reproductive tissues

32
Q

what organ of the body releass antiduiertic hormone

A

putitary gland

32
Q

one exmaple of an effector is the smooth msucle in peripheral blood vessels

apart frm smmoth muslce tissue in perohpal blood vessels, nameone other effector that wouldbe involed in decrease body temp of a aperons

A

sweat glands

33
Q

one exmaple of an effector is the smooth msucle in peripheral blood vessels

explain how this effector brings a decrease in body temperature

A

the smooth muslce tissue within te perihpal blood vessels releases,allowing vessels to dilate. This increasesthe volume of blood close to the surface of the skin, leading to heat loss.

33
Q

one exmaple of an effector is the smooth msucle in peripheral blood vessels

explain how this effector brings a decrease in body temperature

A

the smooth muslce tissue within te perihpal blood vessels releases,allowing vessels to dilate. This increasesthe volume of blood close to the surface of the skin, leading to heat loss.

34
Q

why would a leaf be rolled

A

drought and high temeprature

35
Q

how does hyperthyrdoisim result in weightloss

A

hyperthyrdoism results in an overporuction of hydroid hromoens wich regulate body systems. An excessive amount of these hormones can increase metabolic rates in the body resulting in weight loss

36
Q

how may the malfunctiioning of the glomeulerus result in microablurminia

A

how may the malfunctiioning of the glomeulerus result in microablurminia

37
Q

besides the glomeulrus, what other parts of the nephron may result in microalbumrinia

A

proximal convulated tubule

37
Q

possible symtpom of kindey damage

A

changes in urine volume

38
Q

with reference to the glomerlus, explain how kidney damage may lead to microalbumrinina

A

high blood pressure meanst hat blood is filtered through the glomeularus with great force which could cause small tears in the capillaries comprising the glomeuleurus and damaging it.

39
Q

diabetes rsults in bodys failure to achieve homeostasis. define homesatsis with specific reference to this disease

A

homestasis in regards to diaetes refers to the maintance of blood gluose levels within a narrow range for optimal function

40
Q

for people with diabetets, their pancreas fails to produce insulin or their cells irreposnive to insulin. Why?

A

these outcpomes are the result of te failure of a sensor and their cells to become irresponsive to insulin

41
Q

explain how the action of antiduiertic hormone for controlling water balance

A

ADH travels trhouhg the bloodstream to act on the kidneys increasing the permabilty of the kidneys(distal convouluted) tubules(and/or collect duct) to water. Therefore greater reabsorption of water from the kidney filtrate would occur, decreasing water loss through urine.

42
Q

why is the lock and key model essiental in the endocrine system.

A

The endocrine system involves hormones travelling through the blood stream to distant sites and therefore, the lock and key model is important to ensure that the hormones only bind to specific receptors on its target cell rather than any other cells it encounters as it travels through the blood stream

VCE BIO UNIT 1 CHAPTER 5 (8 decks)

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