Planning for Community Change Flashcards
T or F, health planning occurs on both an ongoing and episodic basis
true - always room for change/improvement - ongoing process
what is health planning
Process where problems are identified, priorities are selected
Objectives are set for development of programs based on health assessments/data
what are the biggest outcomes we hope for in health planning
disease prevention
health promotion
common themes of nat’l and international health plans
Health promotion and disease prevention
Addressing social determinants of health
Achieving health equity within the whole population
overall goal of health planning
achieving health equity within the whole population
what are the levels of health planning
Global
National and State
what does the global level of health planning consist of
WHO
United Nations
what does the national/state level of health planning consist of
(Pa) State Dept of Health
US Dept of Health/Human Svcs
National Prevention Strategy
Healthy People 2020
What is the goal of the National Prevention Strategy
Americans are healthy throughout each stage of life
what is the community health improvement planning process
Involves all sectors of the community
CHA - conduct a community health assessment
Identify priorities for an action plan
Develop/implement a Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP)
Guide future decisions/allocates resources
the timing of health planning depends on the
Responsibility of the planning agency
Type of assessment data
Nature of the health problem
the main thing in a community assessment
you have to have a key informant - go to person - familiar with community itself - conduct interviews
what are the different approaches a community assessment uses
Key informant interviews
Analysis of data on health status/behavior indicators
Observations
Community surveys
what is the systems theory
Allows for reciprocal exchange/flow of information, energy, resources and goods/services
Looks at human activity
Systems within the community are interdependent and interconnected - trickle down effect
when we work with the community we want to
define population of interest identify stakeholders/opinion leaders form coalitions (task force to implement plan)
what is the social-ecological model based on
general systems and health promotion theory
what is the social-ecological model
multiple determinants of health interact at different levels to affect health status of people, aggregates, or communities (inter-related)
what is the health impact pyramid
a framework for community health nurses when planning health promotion interventions at multiple levels
what are the stages of the health impact pyramid (bottom to top)
Socioeconomic factors Changing the Context to Make Individuals' Default Decisions Healthy Long-lasting Protective Interventions Clinical Interventions Education and Counseling
what are some examples socioeconomic factors r/t the health impact pyramid
employment, income, poverty, education - all influence access to healthcare
Changing the Context to Make Individuals’ Default Decisions Healthy examples
taxing sugary drinks in Philadelphia (impact on health)
high taxes/cost of cigarettes
Long-lasting Protective Interventions examples
(preventative) vaccines/immunizations, colonoscopies, self breast exams
Clinical Interventions
looking at disease entities and the treatments of disease
Education and Counseling
drug and alcohol counseling - up to individual to go
which of the health impact pyramid requires the most effort on behalf of health care practitioners
education and counseling - on an individual basis - not a lot of success in this stage
3 types of multi-level interventions
upstream - society level (policy development)
mainstream - population/community level
downstream - individual level (counseling)
multilevel interventions are needed to achieve change in complex community health conditions with multiple determinants, T or F
True
what is a tool we use to measure health disparities and health equity
HIA process (health impact assessment)
what can impact the social determinants of health
health disparities
health equity
social justice
what does the HIA Process look at for the social determinants of health
screening scoping assessment recommendations reporting monitoring and evaluation
what is the change theory
ice cube theory
Unfreezing
Changing
Refreezing
what does the unfreezing represent in Lewins Model of change
employees are ready for change
what does the change represent in Lewins Model of Change
execution of the intended change
what is the re-freezing in Lewins Model of Change
the change becomes permanent
what is the force field analysis
tool used to identify forces driving or restraining change
what is the purpose of levers of change
increase driving forces and decrease restraining forces
examples of levers of change
tax on soda, tobacco and alcohol
what is community involvement in change
planning/interventions to change health status
assessing community readiness to undertake change process related to a specific health issue
model of making change stick in Community Involvement in Change
Leadership - commit, initiate, drive, motivate, negotiate
Method - successful ways of doing things
Driver - business imperative, vision, goals
Culture - the way we do things here
Competency - people, competencies, resources
Engagement - connections, communications, learning
What are the SMART goal objectives when planning community level interventions
S - Specific M -Measurable A - Attainable R - Results Oriented T- Time Bound
what is the logic model
Visual representation of how a program is organized
*A tool for planning and communication
Allows the nurse to identify needed/available resources
Plan the sequence and time-frame for program implementation, develop a budget, identify how results are measured
what are the 4 stages of the logic model
Inputs/Resources (Constraints)
Activities
Outputs/Measures
Intermediate Outcomes (Goals)
what is collaboration and teamwork among community health nurses
Bridging the gap when there are cultural and language differences
when evaluating community level interventions utilize these steps
Develop evaluation questions
Determine indicators or measures you use to answer evaluation questions
Identify where you will find the data to support this
Decide on a method to collect data
Specify time frame used to collect data
Plan how you will analyze the data based on type your using
Decide how to communicate the results
Funding community level intervention programs
accountability
sustainability
program replication
project funding (government, private, local)
who are valuable partners to public health dept and community nurses in planning, implementing and funding programs to improve population health
community benefit programs of local or regional hospitals and HMO’s
what is social marketing
use of marketing to change health behaviors/beliefs to improve health or benefit society
what are nurse managed health centers
nurse-managed health centers providing health promotion/primary care svcs to vulnerable/under-served populations/aggregates
