Challenges in Community and Public Health Nursing Flashcards
**what is an antigenic drift
slow, progressive genetic chgs. taking place in RNA/DNA as organisms replicate (slowly an antibiotic becomes resistant)
**what is an antigenic shift
sudden chg in DNA/RNA, resulting in new strain of micro-organisms
what is an epidemic (specific diseases)
HIV - animal to human during hunting
Ebola virus - hunting and eating a bat
when an antigenic shift occurs the first stage is considered an
epidemic - then endemic - then symbiotic (beneficial or lethal)(malaria in Ecuadoran region; sickle cell disease)
what is pathogenicity
ability of an infectious agent to cause disease in a specific host
agents and hosts are not all created equally, T or F
True
what are some host factors
immunizations, age/race/immune deficiency, genetic/biologic factors
what are host factors
traits that affect susceptibility to disease, in comparison to others
what is an agent
microbe/virus
the IOM convergence model explains what
how the microbe/virus (agent) converges with a human (agent-host-environment interaction)
what is the epidemiological triad
agent - host - environment
what was the environment/mean of transmission for H1N1
droplet, contact
who was the Host for H1N1
human
what was the agent for H1N1
influenza virus
frequent changes due to antigenic drift is why a new flu vaccine is created yearly, T or F
True
How is H1N1 spread
easily, not extremely pathogenic
what is the most likely next flu pandemic
avian flu
what is the agent for avian flu
avian influenza (H5N1) - 63% fatality rate
who is the host for avian flu
human
what is the environment for avian flu
contact with poultry
what is the agent in SARS
coronavirus
what is the host in SARS
human
What is the environment for SARS
close contact with bodily fluids (healthcare environments)
the next big virus will come from
ASIA - lg amt of people - global travel to/from - cultural practices with animals (eating habits)
what is the agent in Tuberculosis
mycobacterium tuberculosis
what is the host in tuberculosis
humans
what is the environment with tuberculosis
close contact w/infected person
s/s of active TB infection
chronic productive cough, low grade fever, night sweats, weight loss, positive PPD
what is directly observed therapy
we need to watch you take your treatment for 21 days with TB (rifampin and INH)
