Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI/GU Exam > Placenta and Fetal Membranes > Flashcards

Placenta and Fetal Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the decidua basalis? Where is it located?

A
  • the part of the endometrium that participates with the chorion in the formation of the placenta
  • is at the site of implantation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the decidua capsularis? Where is it located?

A
  • it grows over embryo in luminal side, encapsulating it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the decidua parietalis? Where is it located?

A
  • membrane lining the main cavity of uterus everywhere other than at site of attachment of the chorion
  • on the opposite uterine wall to basalis/capsularis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does implantation normally occur?

A

Late second week, approximately 10 days post-fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the trophoblast differentiate into? What are each layer?

A
  • cytotrophoblast (inner layer)

- syncytiotrophoblast (outer layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are signs and symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy? (4)

A
  • abdominal pain
  • amenorrhea
  • vaginal bleeding
  • rupture of oviduct wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the chorionic sac comprised of? (3)

A
  • extraembryonic somatic mesoderm
  • cytotrophoblasts
  • syncytiotrophoblasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the amnion?

A

The thin, tough membrane that surrounds the embryo/fetus and amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the amnion develop?

A

amnioblasts separate from the epiblast and enclose the developing amniotic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the purpose of amniotic fluid? (3)

A
  • cushions fetus
  • permits fetal movements
  • regulates fetal body temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is hydramnios? What can cause it? (3)

A
  • excessive amniotic fluid
  • a genetic defect
  • fetal defect in CNS
  • blockage of GI tube
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is oligohydramnios? What can cause it? (2)

A
  • insufficient amniotic fluid
  • placental abnormality
  • maternal high blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can oligohydramnios cause? Why?

A
  • renal agenesis
  • pulmonary hypoplasia
  • Because decreased fluid doesn’t provide enough cushion to fetus and umbilical cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the amniochorionic membrane?

A

fusion of the amniotic sac and chorionic sac that occurs when amniotic sac grows faster than the C.S.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two components of the placenta?

A
  • villous chorion (fetal part)

- decidual basalis (maternal part)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is the smooth chorion formed?

A

chorion that is in contact with the decidua capsularis undergoes atrophy so that villi die and it becomes smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do the chorionic villi attach to the decidua basalis?

A

Attach through the cytotrophoblastic shell

18
Q

How is the placenta formed? (3)

A
  • cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) of chorionic villi proliferate at chorionic plate
  • CTB’s extend through syncytiotrophoblasts, forming cytotrophoblastic shell
  • shell attaches to and erodes decidua basalis, creating intervillous space
19
Q

What are cotyledons?

A

Irregular convex areas of villous chorion

20
Q

What do cotyledons contain? (2)

A
  • 2+ main stem villi

- multiple branch villi

21
Q

What are main stem villi?

A

Villi that extend from the chorionic plate

22
Q

What are branch villi? What is their purpose?

A
  • Villi that extend from a main stem villus

- increase villus surface area

23
Q

What is an anchoring villi?

A

Villi that attach to maternal tissues through cytotrophoblastic shell

24
Q

What can cross the placenta? (6)

A
  • nutrients
  • hormones
  • IgG antibodies (maternal defense for baby)
  • waste products
  • drugs
  • infectious agents
25
Q

What does not cross the placenta? (3)

A
  • protein hormones
  • bacteria
  • drugs w/amino acid-like structures
26
Q

What runs through the umbilical cord, vessel-wise? (2)

A
  • two umbilical arteries (deoxygenated blood)

- one umbilical vein (oxygenated blood)

27
Q

What is placenta previa?

A

When the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus or in the cervix

28
Q

What can placenta previa lead to?

A

Dangerous 3rd trimester bleeding

29
Q

What is placenta accreta?

A

Partial or complete absence of the decidua

30
Q

What can placenta accreta lead to? Why?

A
  • Severe postpartum bleeding

- The villous chorion adheres directly to the myometrium and placenta fails to separate at birth

31
Q

What is a hydatiform mole?

A

replacement of normal villi by dilated or hydropic translucent vesicles

32
Q

What are hydatiform moles caused by?

A

polyspermy or duplication of a single sperm

33
Q

What is a partial mole? what is it caused by?

A
  • growth of tissue when a normal ovum fertilized by two sperm
34
Q

What is a complete mole caused by? What tissue does it lack?

A
  • When an empty egg is fertilized and contains only paternal DNA from either two sperm or duplication of a single sperm
  • contains no fetal tissue
35
Q

What is an invasive mole? How is it treated?

A
  • A complete mole that penetrates or perforates the uterine wall
  • Is responsive to chemotherapy
36
Q

What is a gestational choriocarcinoma?

A

highly invasive metastatic tumor that arises from trophoblast

37
Q

How is gestational choriocarcinoma diagnosed?

A

By seeing increasing hCG titer with no uterine enlargement

38
Q

What is the treatment for gestational choriocarcinoma?

A

Combined chemotherapy agents

39
Q

What are dizygotic twins?

A

Aka ‘fraternal twins’, they originate from two zygotes and have two separate implantations (so separate chorions and amnions

40
Q

What are monozygotic twins?

A

Aka ‘identical twins’, they originate from one zygote, and can have variable membranes depending on when they divide
- the earlier they divide, the more separate the membranes and placentas will be!

41
Q

How do monozygotic twins form, most often?

A

By division of the embryoblast of the blastocyst

GI/GU Exam (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions