Pelvic Viscera Flashcards
What is contained in the prostatic urethra? (5)
- urethral crest
- prostatic sinuses (2)
- seminal colliculus
- prostatic utricle
- openings of the ejaculatory ducts
What are the prostatic sinuses?
Lateral grooves where most prostatic ducts empty.
What is the prostatic utricle homologous to?
The uterus and vagina
What structure contributes the most to semen?
seminal vesicles
What do the seminal vesicles produce? What is in it?
- seminal fluid
- fructose, mainly (for energy?)
What structures contribute to seminal fluid? (4) What do each of these contribute, exactly?
- seminal vesicles – fructose
- prostate – also fructose, but also fibrinolysin, zinc, proteolytic enzymes
- bulbourethral glands – mucus, galactose
- testes – sperm
What are the boundaries of the prostate gland? (5)
- anterior = retropubic space w/fat
- posterior = ampulla of rectum
- inferiolaterally = levator ani muscle
- lateral - prostatic venous plexus
- superior = bladder
What ligaments support the bladder? (2, name different in males vs females)
- puboprostatatic ligaments (male)
- pubovesicular ligaments (female)
Where is the internal urethral sphincter located? What is its innervation?
The bladder’s inferior end/ urethral proximal end; is a continuation of the detrusor muscle
- sympathetic fibers from T10-L2
Where is the external urethral sphincter located? What is its innervation?
- the urogenital diaphragm
- pudendal n.
What supplies blood to the vas deferens?
Artery to the vas deferens
What supplies blood to the prostate? (3)
- internal pudendal artery
- inferior vesical artery
- middle rectal artery
What supplies blood to the seminal vesicles? (3)
- inferior vesical a.
- internal pudendal a.
- middle rectal a.
Same as prostate - it is closely associated w/prostate!
What innervates the seminal vesicles? (Para and sym)
parasympathetic - inferior hypogastric plexus
sympathetic - superior lumbar n and hypogastric n.
What innervates the prostate? (para)
parasympathetic - prostatic plexus (from inferior hypogastric plexus)
Where does prostate cancer most often metastasize to? (2)
- bone
- lungs
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
- perimetrium
- myometrium
- endometrium
What ligaments help to suspend the uterus? (4)
- broad ligament
- suspensory ligament of the ovary
- round ligament
- transverse cervical ligaments
- uterosacral ligament
What three parts is the broad ligament made up of?
- mesoovarium
- mesosalpinx
- mesometrium
What are the four parts of the uterine tubes?
- infundibulum (end w/fingerlike projections)
- ampulla (widest part right after infundibulum)
- uterine part
- isthmus (joins the uterus)
What structures are distal to the pelvic pain line in females? (5)
- bladder
- vagina
- uterine cervix
- anal canal
- distal rectum
What are the parts of the uterus?
- fundus (top 1/3)
- body (middle 1/3)
- cervix (lower 1/3)
What innervates the uterus?
- sympathetic fibers from uterovaginal plexus
- parasympathetic from pelvic splanchnic nerves
Where does uterine cancer often metastasize to? Why?
- labia majora
- because the cancer cells follow lymphatic vessels along the round ligament down to the labia majora and into the superficial inguinal nodes that get lymph from perineum and labia
What nerve would you anesthetize to block sensation to the scrotum?
Above L1
L1 fibers from ilioinguinal nerve do anterolateral scrotum, S3 fibers from pudendal nerve do postero-inferior surface, therefore must be higher than L1
Where does cancer of the testis initially metastasize to? Where after that? (2)
- Initially = retroperitoneal lumbar LNs
- later = mediastinal and supraclavicular LNs
Where does cancer of the scrotum metastasize to?
superficial inguinal LNs
What is the innervation to the ureters?
Pain fibers T10-L2
What is the blood supply to the ureter? (5)
- superior vesical a.
- uterine a.
- middle rectal a.
- vaginal a. (in women only)
- inferior vesical a. (in men only)
What supplies blood to the uterine tubes?
- uterine a.’s
- ovarian a.’s
What supplies blood to the uterus?
uterine a’s
What supplies blood to the vagina?
- uterine a’s
- vaginal a’s
What supplies blood to the cervix?
uterine a.
What is the ovary innervated by?
- sympathetic = ovarian plexuses
- parasym = uterine plexuses
What is cervix innervated by?
uterovaginal plexus (inferior nerves)
What is the vagina innervated by?
- superior = sympathetic and parasym areas of pelvic plexus
- inferior = pudendal n.
