Male and Female Perineum

Question 1

What is the anterior boundary of the perineum?

Answer 1

pubic symphysis

Question 2

What is the posterior boundary of the perineum?

Answer 2

coccyx

Question 3

What are the lateral boundaries of the perineum?

Answer 3

• ischiopubic rami

- sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 4

What is the superior boundary of the perineum?

Answer 4

pelvic diaphragm

Question 5

What is the inferior boundary of the perineum?

Answer 5

skin associated w/ external genitalia and anal canal

Question 6

What is contained in the urogenital triangle? (2)

Answer 6

• urethra

- external genitalia

Question 7

What is contained in the anal triangle?

Answer 7

• external anal sphincter
• distal 2/3 of anal canal (distal 1/3 of canal), attached to levator ani, anococcyxgeal ligament, perineal body
• internal anal sphincter (prox 2/3 canal)

Question 8

What are the boundaries of the ischiorectal fossa?

Answer 8

lateral wall - obterator internus and ischium
superomedial wall - levator ani and anal canal (ext. anal sphincter)
base - skin of perineum

Question 9

What are the contents of the ischiorectal fossa? (3)

Answer 9

• fat
• blood vessels
• nerves

Question 10

What are the contents of the pudendal canal? (3)

Answer 10

• pudendal n.
• internal pudendal a.
• internal pudendal v.

Question 11

Where does the inferior rectal nerve travel through, what does it supply?

Answer 11

• travels through ischiorectal fossae

- supplies anal sphincters and skin

Question 12

What spaces exist in the urogenital triangle? (2)

Answer 12

• superficial perineal space

- deep perineal space (has urogenital diaphragm, associated fascia)

Question 13

What exists in the deep perineal space/ urogenital diaphragm of the male? (6)

Answer 13

• superior fascia
• inferior fascia/perineal membrane
• deep transverse perineus muscle
• external urethral sphincter
• membranous urethra
• bulbourethral glands

Question 14

What exists in the urogenital diaphragm of the female? (6)

Answer 14

• superior fascia
• inferior fascia/perineal membrane
• deep transverse perineus muscle
• external urethral sphincter
• compressor urethra
• vagina

Question 15

What are the layers of the penis? (superficial to deep)

Answer 15

• skin
• subcutaneous tissue
• corpus spongiosum
• corpus cavernosum
• dorsal a., v., n. of penis

Question 16

What are the contents of the superficial perineal space of the female? (6)

Answer 16

• bulbs of vestibule
• bulbospongiosus m. (bulbocavernosus m.)
• greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands
• superficial transverse perineus m.
• clitoris
• ischiocavernosus m.

Question 17

What are causes of male impotence? (6)

Answer 17

• nerve damage to prostatic nerve plexus
• atherosclerosis (impede blood supply to erectile tissue)
• type II diabetes (kinda goes w/above)
• spinal cord injury
• hormonal disorders
• psych disorders

Question 18

What are the lymphatic drainages of the perineum? (3)

Answer 18

• superficial inguinal nodes
• internal iliac nodes
• inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 19

Where does the deep perineal space proximal to pectineal line drain to?

Answer 19

Internal iliac lymph nodes (and inferior mesenteric)

Question 20

Where does superficial perineal space/anal canal drain to?

Answer 20

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 21

What layers does an episiotomy cut through? (5)

Answer 21

• posterior vaginal wall
• bulbospongiosus m.
• perineus m.
• skin
• associated fascia