Male and Female Perineum Flashcards
What is the anterior boundary of the perineum?
pubic symphysis
What is the posterior boundary of the perineum?
coccyx
What are the lateral boundaries of the perineum?
- ischiopubic rami
- sacrotuberous ligaments
What is the superior boundary of the perineum?
pelvic diaphragm
What is the inferior boundary of the perineum?
skin associated w/ external genitalia and anal canal
What is contained in the urogenital triangle? (2)
- urethra
- external genitalia
What is contained in the anal triangle?
- external anal sphincter
- distal 2/3 of anal canal (distal 1/3 of canal), attached to levator ani, anococcyxgeal ligament, perineal body
- internal anal sphincter (prox 2/3 canal)
What are the boundaries of the ischiorectal fossa?
lateral wall - obterator internus and ischium
superomedial wall - levator ani and anal canal (ext. anal sphincter)
base - skin of perineum
What are the contents of the ischiorectal fossa? (3)
- fat
- blood vessels
- nerves
What are the contents of the pudendal canal? (3)
- pudendal n.
- internal pudendal a.
- internal pudendal v.
Where does the inferior rectal nerve travel through, what does it supply?
- travels through ischiorectal fossae
- supplies anal sphincters and skin
What spaces exist in the urogenital triangle? (2)
- superficial perineal space
- deep perineal space (has urogenital diaphragm, associated fascia)
What exists in the deep perineal space/ urogenital diaphragm of the male? (6)
- superior fascia
- inferior fascia/perineal membrane
- deep transverse perineus muscle
- external urethral sphincter
- membranous urethra
- bulbourethral glands
What exists in the urogenital diaphragm of the female? (6)
- superior fascia
- inferior fascia/perineal membrane
- deep transverse perineus muscle
- external urethral sphincter
- compressor urethra
- vagina
What are the layers of the penis? (superficial to deep)
- skin
- subcutaneous tissue
- corpus spongiosum
- corpus cavernosum
- dorsal a., v., n. of penis
What are the contents of the superficial perineal space of the female? (6)
- bulbs of vestibule
- bulbospongiosus m. (bulbocavernosus m.)
- greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands
- superficial transverse perineus m.
- clitoris
- ischiocavernosus m.
What are causes of male impotence? (6)
- nerve damage to prostatic nerve plexus
- atherosclerosis (impede blood supply to erectile tissue)
- type II diabetes (kinda goes w/above)
- spinal cord injury
- hormonal disorders
- psych disorders
What are the lymphatic drainages of the perineum? (3)
- superficial inguinal nodes
- internal iliac nodes
- inferior mesenteric nodes
Where does the deep perineal space proximal to pectineal line drain to?
Internal iliac lymph nodes (and inferior mesenteric)
Where does superficial perineal space/anal canal drain to?
superficial inguinal nodes
What layers does an episiotomy cut through? (5)
- posterior vaginal wall
- bulbospongiosus m.
- perineus m.
- skin
- associated fascia
