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Obs and Gynae > Placenta > Flashcards

Placenta Flashcards

1
Q

How does the fertilised egg implant into the uterine wall?

A

Invasion by trophoblastic cells

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2
Q

What happens to the blastocyst cells?

A

They become bilaminar and then trilaminar disks

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3
Q

2 main components of the early placenta structure

A

Villous chorion and smooth chorion

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4
Q

What is the fetal part of the placenta known as?

A

villous chorion

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5
Q

What is the maternal part of the placenta known as?

A

Decidua basalis

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6
Q

Where in the placenta does maternal blood flow into?

A

Intervillous spaces

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7
Q

Which arteries squirt blood into the intervillous space?

A

spiral arteries

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8
Q

What separates the fetal and maternal circulation

A

1 layer of trophoblastic cells

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9
Q

What 2 layers extend from the margin of the disk to provide fetal membranes

A

Amnion and chorion

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10
Q

what is placenta praevia? different forms?

A

when the implantation occurs late and attaches to the lower part of your womb, can be marginal, complete or low lying

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11
Q

What is placenta accreta?

A

when the villous tissue buries too deep within the wall even to the serosa

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12
Q

What is placenta percreta?

A

When the placenta grows through the wall and into the pelvic cavity potentially to other organs in the nearby vicinity

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13
Q

What is a hydatidiform mole? more predisposed to developing what?

A

No fetus but a large grape like placenta needing HCG mointoring to ensure gets reabsorbed, more predisposed to choriocarcinoma

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14
Q

an abnormality that can occur at the insertion site of the cord? risk of what?

A

Velamentous (inserts into membranes and not fetal disc) risk of rupture at delivery

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15
Q

What is Vasa Praevia?

A

When the velamentous cord lies ahead of the babies head on delivery

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16
Q

What can you tell about the cord if the babies head presents with marked effusion?

A

Cord entanglement stopping venous return to the body

17
Q

What needs to be assessed in babies with SUA?

A

renal function

18
Q

what is chorioamnionitis and how does it usually occur?

A

Inflammation of the placental membranes usually due to ascending E.coli, bacterial or fungal source from maternal perineum

19
Q

What crucial organ is effected in oligohydramnios

A

Lungs undergo pulmonary hypoplasia and insufficient to support life

20
Q

What deformaties can be caused by oligohydramnios?

A

Potters sequence (low set ears, receding chin, beaked nose, crease under eyes) club foot

21
Q

What is amnion nodosum and how does it lead to abnormalities in the placenta?

A

clusters of pin point spots on the placenta due to oligohydramnios

22
Q

What can occur if the amnion ruptures but the chorion stays in tact?

A

part of the baby can pass through the bands and then lead to defects like missing fingers and toes

23
Q

Circummarginate vs circumvallate placenta?

A

circummarginate appears dinner plate like with thick outer rim and circumvallate appears grey and whiteish as membranes arise from placental disc and not edges causing haemorrhage and pealing off wall

24
Q

What is the malformation in a succenturiate placenta form?

A

Accessory lobe present often with velamentous cord issues

25
Q

Describe what usually occurs in a retroplacental clot

A

bleed from spiral artery, emergency delivery, antepartrum haemorrhage, usually area of infarct where clot has restricted blood supply

26
Q

Chorangioma?

A

benign tumour of blood vessels like haemangioma

27
Q

How will CMV infections appear on the placenta?

A

Deep purple inclusions with a surrounding clear rim

28
Q

How does a mother usually get parvovirus infection in pregnancy?

A

Children presenting with slapped cheek and febrile illness

29
Q

How does parvovirus effect the neonate in utero? why?

A

Hydrops and IUD, virus causes haemolysis, HF and death

30
Q

What CV effects on the baby can diabetic mothers have?

A

Polycythaemia and born with cardiomyopathy

31
Q

What condition suffered in pregnancy can increase chances of retroplacental haemorrhage?

A

PIH/essential hypertension

32
Q

What are monoamniotic-monochorionic twins more susceptible to in comparison to diamniotic-monochorionic twins?

A

Cord entanglement as they dont have a membrane separating them

33
Q

What are diamniotic-monochorionic twins more susceptible to in comparison to monoamniotic-monochorionic twins?

A

TTTS

34
Q

How is TTTS treated?

A

Laser ablation

35
Q

2 types of asymmetrical twinning

A

siamese and acardiac acephalic

36
Q

What is fetus papyraceous?

A

Death in utero of one twin, mummified, born alongside

Obs and Gynae (27 decks)

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