Breastfeeding Flashcards
Health benefits for a baby that is breastfed?
Less gastroenteritis, reduced respiratory illness, ear infection, UTIs, atopic disease, diabetes, necrotizing enterocolitis, CV disease
Health benefits for a mother that is breastfeeding
Reduced breast cancer, ovarian cancer, hip fractures
Where do antibodies come from in mothers breast milk and how do they protect infant?
IgA protect gut lining and come directly from GALT/BALT pathways Peyers patches produce antibodies in milk directly from gut exposure
What does lactoferrin present in mother breast milk do for the baby?
Binds to free iron in gut so bacteria cant feed off it (ecoli)
4 hormones in breast milk?
Insulin, TSH, GH, Epidermal growth factor
Difference between milk insufficiency and milk production problems?
Milk insufficiency is when the baby doesnt attach properly but production problems are when there is effective attachment and feeding frequency
Benefits of skin contact?
Regulate temperature, hormone control, heart rate, breathing, bond with mother, breastfeeding
What is colostrum
Food produced by mother for newborn
What contents are found in colostrum
IgA, laxative for meconium, less volume higher density, lots of protein, fat soluble mineral (EAK), less lactose/fat/ water soluble vitamins
What cells produce milk and where are they found?
Acini cells found in the alveoli
How is milk expelled? what hormone is involved in the expulsion?
Myoepithelial cells contract due to oxytocin release
When do prolactin levels peak the most?
After a feed to stimulate further production
WHere are prolactin receptors found?
In acini cells
Where is prolactin released from?
Anterior pituitary
Where is oxytocin released from? what stimulates release?
Posterior pituitary, seeing baby, smelling baby, feeling baby, touching
What does regular breast feeding prevent the build up of?
Feedback inhibitor of lactation
Good signs of feeding
long slow sucks, drawing sensation, cheeks round and full, wide lips, baby ends feed, breast softer after feeding
How/why does a baby initially lose weight and how long till it puts it back on?
loses 10% body weight in 72 hours due to intracellular fluid loss and meconium, puts it back on in 10-14 days
How much weight per month is a baby expected to put on between 0-4 months?
125-200g a week
How much weight per month is a baby expected to put on between 4-6 months?
50-125g a week
How much weight per month is a baby expected to put on between 6-12 months?
25-75g a week
What causes engorgement of breasts?
Incorrect attachment, delayed first feed,
Cause and signs of mastitis?
Stasis of milk in breast with or without infection, red, painful to touch, abscess, lumpy breast, flu ike, peau de orange
Predisposing factors to mastitis?
Engorgement, blocked ducts, difficulty attachment, stress, tired
Medical intervention for mastitis?
Ibuprofen, paracetamol, antibiotics, drainage of abscess
Clinical presentation of nipples infected with candida?
itchy, painful, shooting pains that can last hours after breastfeeding, usually bilateral pain as thrush is passed by baby, loss of colour, cracked
How does candida infection present in baby?
White around mouth that wont rub off, irritated whilst feeding, windy
What oral gel is given to babys suffering candida infection?
Miconazole gel for baby and 2% cream for mothers nipples
Preferred contraception whilst breast feeding?
POP
4 contraindications for breast feeding?
Iodine treatment in the past, previous breast surgery, TB in sputum, HIV
What drug shouldnt be taken during breastfeeding as it causes Reyes Syndrome?
Aspirin
Drugs contraindicated in breast feeding?
Azathioprine, aspirin, iodine, oestrogen or bromocryptine, Phenobarbitone, ergotamine
What is ergotism caused by ergotamine in breast milk?
Convulsive symptoms, painful seizure, spasms, diarrhoea, parasthesias, itching, mental effects of mania and psychosis, headaches, vomiting
