Place of Articulation Flashcards
Name the outermost articulators
The lips
When lips articulate with each other, what classification of sound occurs
Bilabial
List all bilabial consonants
[b], [p], [m]
When lips articulate with the upper teeth, what classification of sound occurs?
Labiodental
List all labiodental consonants
[f], [v]
What is the second-most outward set of articulators
The teeth
When the teeth articulate with the bladeof the tongue, what classification of sound occurs?
Dental
List all dental consonants
[θ] [ð]
What is the name of the articulator which is identified by the bumpy ridge behind the upper teeth
Alveolar Ridge
When the tip of the tongue articulates with the alveolar ridge , what classification of sound occurs?
Alveolar sounds
List all the alveolar consonants
[t] [d] [l] [n] [s] [z] [ɾ]
How is a retroflex sound articulated?
By curling the tip of the tongue back to articulate with the area just behind the alveolar ridge
List all the retroflex consonants
[ɹ]
How are postalveolar sounds articulated?
By the blade of the tongue articulating with the back of the alveolar ridge and the tip of the tongue raising toward the palate
List all postalveolar consonants
[ʃ] [ʒ] [ʧ] [ʤ]
What articulator is classified as the hard part of the roof of the mouth
The hard palate
How are palatal sounds articulated?
By the front of the tongue approaching or touching the hard palette
List the palatal consonants
[j]
Which articulator is classified as being the soft palate behind the hard palate?
The velum
How are velar sounds articulated?
By the body of the tongue approaching or touching the soft palate
List all the velar consonants
[k] [g] [ŋ]
What articulator is classified as a long, thin, soft structure behind the velum, hanging down?
The uvula
How are nasal sounds produced?
By the pharynx opening upwards into the nasal cavity, the velum lowering so that air can escape through the nose
What is the technical term for air escaping through the nose?
The velic opening
List all the nasal consonants
[m], [n], [ŋ]
What articulator is classified as the opening between the vocal folds?
The glottis
List all the glottal consonants
[h] and [ʔ]
List the five parts of the tongue, beginning at the teeth
- Tip
- Blade
- Front
- Back
- Root
What are sounds made with the tip of the tongue classified as?
Apical
What sounds can be apical?
Apico-dental and apico-alveolar
What are sounds made using the blade of the tongue classified as?
Laminal
What sounds can be laminal?
Postalveolar sounds
What sounds are made using the front of the tongue?
Palatal sounds
What are sounds made using the back of the tongue classified as?
Dorsal sounds
What sounds can be considered dorsal?
Dorso-velar sounds
Where is the root of the tongue located?
At the rear, vertical part of the tongue
T/F: The root of the tongue is easily visible
False
What does the root of the tongue form?
The pharyngeal cavity
What type of sounds are made using the root of the tongue?
Pharyngeal sounds
What sounds in English are pharyngeal?
None
What makes up vowel caveat?
Accent, dialect and individual variation
What are the three ways to describe vowels?
Height, advancement and rounding
What vowels are considered front vowels?
[i], [ɪ], [e], [ɛ], [æ] and [a]
What vowels are considered central?
[ʊ], [ə], [ʌ], [ɐ]
What vowels are considered back?
[u], [o], [ɔ] and [ɑ]
What is vowel height?
The vertical dimension which indicates the distance of the tongue body from the roof of the mouth
What is the most important vowel classification?
Height
What is vowel advancement?
The horizontal dimension which is forward or backward displacement of the tongue body
List all high vowels
[i] [ɪ] [ʊ] [u]
List all mid vowels
[e] [ɛ] [ə] [ʌ] [o] [ɔ] [æ] [ɐ]
List all low vowels
[a] [ɑ]
What is vowel rounding?
How rounded the lips are while articulating the vowel
What are the rounded English vowels?
[u] [ʊ] [o] [ɔ]
Define simple vowels
The tongue moves to one position and remains there for the duration of teh vowel
Define complex vowels
Vowels that involve a continuous movement of teh tongue body from one position to another
OR
diphthong
List the 5 English diphthongs
[ej] [aj] [aw] [ɔj] [ow]
Name the active articulators when making bilabial sounds
The upper and lower lips
Name the active and passive articulators when making labiodental sounds
Active: lower lip
Passive: upper teeth
Name the active and passive articulators when making dental sounds
Active: tongue tip
Passive: back of the upper front teeth
Name the active and passive articulators when making alveolar sounds
Active: tip or blade of tongue
Passive: alveolar ridge
Name the active and passive articulators when making postalveolar sounds
Active: tongue tip OR tongue blade
Passive: Rear part of alveolar ridge
Name the active and passive articulators when making retroflex sounds
Active: tongue tip
Passive: hard palate
Name the active and passive articulators when making palatal sounds
Active: front of the tongue
Passive: hard palate
Name the active and passive articulators when making velar sounds
Active: back of the tongue
Passive: soft palate
Name the active and passive articulators when making uvular sounds
Active: back of the tongue
Passive: back of velum
Name the active and passive articulators when making glottal sounds
Active: Vocal folds
What are homorganic sounds?
Sounds that have the same active and passive articulators
T/F: languages will often sequence homorganic consonants for ease of articulation
True
T/F: consonants are more variable and change over time quicker than vowels
False; vowels are more variable and prone to change than consonants
