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LING 2007 > Place of Articulation > Flashcards

Place of Articulation Flashcards

1
Q

Name the outermost articulators

A

The lips

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2
Q

When lips articulate with each other, what classification of sound occurs

A

Bilabial

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3
Q

List all bilabial consonants

A

[b], [p], [m]

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4
Q

When lips articulate with the upper teeth, what classification of sound occurs?

A

Labiodental

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5
Q

List all labiodental consonants

A

[f], [v]

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6
Q

What is the second-most outward set of articulators

A

The teeth

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7
Q

When the teeth articulate with the bladeof the tongue, what classification of sound occurs?

A

Dental

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8
Q

List all dental consonants

A

[θ] [ð]

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9
Q

What is the name of the articulator which is identified by the bumpy ridge behind the upper teeth

A

Alveolar Ridge

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10
Q

When the tip of the tongue articulates with the alveolar ridge , what classification of sound occurs?

A

Alveolar sounds

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11
Q

List all the alveolar consonants

A

[t] [d] [l] [n] [s] [z] [ɾ]

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12
Q

How is a retroflex sound articulated?

A

By curling the tip of the tongue back to articulate with the area just behind the alveolar ridge

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13
Q

List all the retroflex consonants

A

[ɹ]

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14
Q

How are postalveolar sounds articulated?

A

By the blade of the tongue articulating with the back of the alveolar ridge and the tip of the tongue raising toward the palate

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15
Q

List all postalveolar consonants

A

[ʃ] [ʒ] [ʧ] [ʤ]

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16
Q

What articulator is classified as the hard part of the roof of the mouth

A

The hard palate

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17
Q

How are palatal sounds articulated?

A

By the front of the tongue approaching or touching the hard palette

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18
Q

List the palatal consonants

A

[j]

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19
Q

Which articulator is classified as being the soft palate behind the hard palate?

A

The velum

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20
Q

How are velar sounds articulated?

A

By the body of the tongue approaching or touching the soft palate

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21
Q

List all the velar consonants

A

[k] [g] [ŋ]

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22
Q

What articulator is classified as a long, thin, soft structure behind the velum, hanging down?

A

The uvula

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23
Q

How are nasal sounds produced?

A

By the pharynx opening upwards into the nasal cavity, the velum lowering so that air can escape through the nose

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24
Q

What is the technical term for air escaping through the nose?

A

The velic opening

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25
Q

List all the nasal consonants

A

[m], [n], [ŋ]

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26
Q

What articulator is classified as the opening between the vocal folds?

A

The glottis

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27
Q

List all the glottal consonants

A

[h] and [ʔ]

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28
Q

List the five parts of the tongue, beginning at the teeth

A
  1. Tip
  2. Blade
  3. Front
  4. Back
  5. Root
29
Q

What are sounds made with the tip of the tongue classified as?

A

Apical

30
Q

What sounds can be apical?

A

Apico-dental and apico-alveolar

31
Q

What are sounds made using the blade of the tongue classified as?

A

Laminal

32
Q

What sounds can be laminal?

A

Postalveolar sounds

33
Q

What sounds are made using the front of the tongue?

A

Palatal sounds

34
Q

What are sounds made using the back of the tongue classified as?

A

Dorsal sounds

35
Q

What sounds can be considered dorsal?

A

Dorso-velar sounds

36
Q

Where is the root of the tongue located?

A

At the rear, vertical part of the tongue

37
Q

T/F: The root of the tongue is easily visible

A

False

38
Q

What does the root of the tongue form?

A

The pharyngeal cavity

39
Q

What type of sounds are made using the root of the tongue?

A

Pharyngeal sounds

40
Q

What sounds in English are pharyngeal?

A

None

41
Q

What makes up vowel caveat?

A

Accent, dialect and individual variation

42
Q

What are the three ways to describe vowels?

A

Height, advancement and rounding

43
Q

What vowels are considered front vowels?

A

[i], [ɪ], [e], [ɛ], [æ] and [a]

44
Q

What vowels are considered central?

A

[ʊ], [ə], [ʌ], [ɐ]

45
Q

What vowels are considered back?

A

[u], [o], [ɔ] and [ɑ]

46
Q

What is vowel height?

A

The vertical dimension which indicates the distance of the tongue body from the roof of the mouth

47
Q

What is the most important vowel classification?

A

Height

48
Q

What is vowel advancement?

A

The horizontal dimension which is forward or backward displacement of the tongue body

49
Q

List all high vowels

A

[i] [ɪ] [ʊ] [u]

50
Q

List all mid vowels

A

[e] [ɛ] [ə] [ʌ] [o] [ɔ] [æ] [ɐ]

51
Q

List all low vowels

A

[a] [ɑ]

52
Q

What is vowel rounding?

A

How rounded the lips are while articulating the vowel

53
Q

What are the rounded English vowels?

A

[u] [ʊ] [o] [ɔ]

54
Q

Define simple vowels

A

The tongue moves to one position and remains there for the duration of teh vowel

55
Q

Define complex vowels

A

Vowels that involve a continuous movement of teh tongue body from one position to another
OR
diphthong

56
Q

List the 5 English diphthongs

A

[ej] [aj] [aw] [ɔj] [ow]

57
Q

Name the active articulators when making bilabial sounds

A

The upper and lower lips

58
Q

Name the active and passive articulators when making labiodental sounds

A

Active: lower lip
Passive: upper teeth

59
Q

Name the active and passive articulators when making dental sounds

A

Active: tongue tip
Passive: back of the upper front teeth

60
Q

Name the active and passive articulators when making alveolar sounds

A

Active: tip or blade of tongue
Passive: alveolar ridge

61
Q

Name the active and passive articulators when making postalveolar sounds

A

Active: tongue tip OR tongue blade
Passive: Rear part of alveolar ridge

62
Q

Name the active and passive articulators when making retroflex sounds

A

Active: tongue tip
Passive: hard palate

63
Q

Name the active and passive articulators when making palatal sounds

A

Active: front of the tongue
Passive: hard palate

64
Q

Name the active and passive articulators when making velar sounds

A

Active: back of the tongue
Passive: soft palate

65
Q

Name the active and passive articulators when making uvular sounds

A

Active: back of the tongue
Passive: back of velum

66
Q

Name the active and passive articulators when making glottal sounds

A

Active: Vocal folds

67
Q

What are homorganic sounds?

A

Sounds that have the same active and passive articulators

68
Q

T/F: languages will often sequence homorganic consonants for ease of articulation

A

True

69
Q

T/F: consonants are more variable and change over time quicker than vowels

A

False; vowels are more variable and prone to change than consonants

LING 2007 (8 decks)

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