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LING 2007 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Define linguistics

A

The study of language

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2
Q

Define historical linguistics

A
  • The study of how languages have changed through time
    – The relationships of languages to each
    other
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3
Q

Define Applied Linguistics

A

The application of linguistics through:
-speech pathology
-lang. policy making
-lexicography
-translation

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4
Q

Define anthropological linguistics

A

The study of the relationship between language and culture

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5
Q

Define sociolinguistics

A

The study of the relationship b/n lang. and social structure including:
-lang. variation
-attitudes towards language

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6
Q

Define psycholinguistics

A

The study of the relationship b/n lang. and cognitive structures specialising in the acquistion of lang.

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7
Q

Define neurolinguistics

A

-study of the brain and the role it plays in the production of language
-focuses on lang. loss due to injury, disease, etc

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8
Q

What does phonetics encompass?

A

The articulation and perception of sounds

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9
Q

What does phonology encompass?

A

The patterning of speech sounds

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10
Q

What does morphology encompass?

A

the formation of words

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11
Q

What does syntax encompass?

A

the formation of sentences

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12
Q

What does semantics encompass?

A

the interpretation of words and sentences

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13
Q

Define acoustics

A

The properties of a range of sounds: noise, music, speech

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14
Q

What does articulatory phonetics encompass?

A

The production of sounds

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15
Q

How is sound produced?

A

By air passing from the lungs, through the windpipe, vocal folds, throat, mouth and nose

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16
Q

The vibrations of speech sounds is considered…

A

Acoustic phonetics

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17
Q

How sounds are heard and perceived is considered…

A

Auditory phonetics (spec. audiology)

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18
Q

What part of the body produces speech?

A

The vocal organs

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19
Q

List the 5 primary vocal organs

A

– the lungs
– the trachea
– the larynx
– the pharynx
– the oral cavity (mouth)

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20
Q

Define prescriptive grammar

A

a set of rules or norms governing how a lang. SHOULD be used “properly”

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21
Q

Define descriptive grammar

A

Objective, non-judgemental description of grammatical constructions of language

22
Q

What group(s) focus on prescriptive grammar

A

Editors and teachers

23
Q

What group(s) focus on descriptive grammar?

A

Linguists

24
Q

How can you identify the difference in meaning between two homophones?

A

Spelling

25
Q

How can you tell the meaning of a word two words which are spelled the same?

A

Transcription

26
Q

T/F: spelling = pronunciation

A

False

27
Q

T/F: The IPA is language specific

A

False

28
Q

What alphabet was the IPA modelled after?

A

Latin

29
Q

List some cases where the IPA is used

A
  1. learning a new language
  2. singing and acting
  3. transcription
  4. dictation
  5. field studies`
30
Q

Define syllable

A

The shortest stretch of speech that a speaker can pronounce in a natural way

31
Q

What is the term used for a word that only has one syllable

A

Monosyllabic

32
Q

T/F: a syllable typically contains a vowel

A

True

33
Q

Define segments

A

Individual speech sounds that make up syllables

34
Q

Referring to “book” as CVC is an example of what representation?

A

A CV-skeleton

35
Q

T/F: CV-skeletons focus on the spelling of a word

A

False; concerned with classifying speech segments, NOT spelling

36
Q

T/F: Diphthongs count as one segment of speech

A

True

37
Q

What does it mean to be a syllabic consonant?

A

Consonants which are able to stand as syllables without a present vowel (ie settle [phonetically: set-l])

38
Q

T/F: Syllables are units of spelling

A

False; they are units of pronounciation

39
Q

T/F: since “dog” is monosyllabic, “dogs” is pluralsyllabic

A

False; both are mono

40
Q

Define suprasegmentals

A

Features that are not segments but seem to spread across several successive segments

41
Q

Give examples of suprasegmentals

A

Stress and tone

42
Q

The pronounciation of import (n) and import (v) is an example of this

A

Stress and tone (which syllable is emphasized)

43
Q

List the three kinds of writing systems

A
  1. Alphabetic
  2. Syllabaries
  3. Logographic
44
Q

What defines a writing system as alphabetic.

A

Writing systems that use letters to represent a segment

45
Q

What defines a writing system as a syllabary

A

One symbol for each possible syllable

46
Q

Give an example of an alphabetic language

A

English, Greek, Russian, Hebrew

47
Q

Give an example of a syllabary

A

Linear B

48
Q

What defines a writing system as logographic

A

A writing system that does not attempt to represent pronounciation at all but rather a character to represent complete words

49
Q

Give an example of a logographic writing systems

A

Chinese, Hieroglyphics

50
Q

T/F: writing and speech go hand-in-hand

A

False; writing is a relatively new technology

51
Q

Define homophones

A

Different words that are pronounced the same

52
Q

T/F: you are always immediately able to tell the amount of syllables in a word

A

False; it is often difficult to discern, esp. for non-native speakers

LING 2007 (8 decks)

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