PL - Organic reactions *01 Flashcards
acid hydrolysis of ester - products
splits the ester into a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
acid hydrolysis of an ester - conditions
reflux the ester with a dilute acid (hydrochloric or sulfuric)
base hydrolysis of ester - products
carboxylate salt and an alcohol
base hydrolysis of a ester - conditions
reflux with a dilute alkali (sodium hydroxide)
acyl chloride functional group
-COCl
acyl chloride - general formula
CnH2n-1OCl
acyl chloride - reaction with alcohols
vigorous reaction at room temp.
produce an ester and HCl
acyl chloride - reaction with amines
violent reaction at room temp.
produce an secondary amide and HCl
acid hydrolysis of an amide
heat with dilute acid (HCl) —> carboxylic acid + ammonium salt (NH4Cl)
base hydrolysis of an amide
heat with dilute alkali (NaOH) —-> carboxylate ion + ammonia gas (NH3)