DF - organic functional groups Flashcards

1
Q

aliphatic

A

any organic compound that does not contain a benzene ring

eg. alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes

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2
Q

aromatic

A

compounds with a benzene ring structure

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3
Q

arene

A

compounds with a benzene ring structure

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4
Q

saturated

A

every carbon atom has 4 single bonds

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5
Q

unsaturated

A

compound has at least one C=C bond (or triple)

can bond to extra atoms in addition reaction

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6
Q

functional group

A

a specific group of atoms in a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule

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7
Q

homologous series

A

families of compounds with the same general formula

eg . alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2

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8
Q

rules of nomenclature

A
  1. count carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain to give the stem
    eg. meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec-
  2. the main functional group is the suffix
  3. carbon w/ main functional group attached has lowest possible no.
    - write this no. before the suffix (eg. penta-2-ol)
  4. put side chains in alphabetical order after the no. of the carbon it is on
    if more than one identical side chain or functional group use:
    di-, tri-, tetra-, before the name (this doesn’t affect the alphabetical order)
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9
Q

suffix for alkanes

A
  • ane

eg. propane

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10
Q

suffix for cycloalkanes

A

cyclo-ane

eg. cyclohexane

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11
Q

nomenclature for alkenes

A
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12
Q

suffix for alcohols

A
  • ol

eg. ethanol

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13
Q

prefix for side-chains in branched alkanes

A

alkyl- (-yl)

eg. methylpropane

methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-

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14
Q

prefix for haloalkanes

A

chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, fluro-,

eg. chloroethane

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15
Q

prefix for arenes

A
  • benzene

eg. ethylbenzene

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16
Q

general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

17
Q

general formula for cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

18
Q

general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

19
Q

general formula for alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

20
Q

structural formula for alkanes

A
21
Q

structural formula for cycloalkanes

A
22
Q

structural formula for alkenes

A
23
Q

structural formula for alcohols

A