DF - isomerism Flashcards

1
Q

General formula

A

a formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds

eg. CnH2n+1OH for alcohols

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2
Q

Molecular formula

A

the actual no. of atoms of each element in a molecule

eg. C2H10O

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3
Q

Shortened structural formula

A

shows the atoms, carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups

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4
Q

Structural formula

A

shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bond between them

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5
Q

Skeletal formula

A

shows the bonds of the carbon skeleton only, with any functional groups

the hydrogen and carbon atoms are not shown

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6
Q

what is structural isomerism?

A

structural isomers have a different structural arrangement of atoms
- the atoms are connected in different ways but still have the same molecular formula

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7
Q

what are the 3 types of structural isomers?

A
  1. different carbon skeleton
  2. functional group in different place
  3. different functional groups
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8
Q

different carbon skeleton - explain and effects

A

the carbon skeleton can be arranged differently
eg. as a straight chain or branched - butane and methylpropane

have similar chemical properties but physical properties, like boiling point, will be different because of the change of shape in the molecule

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9
Q

functional group in different place - explain and effects

A

the skeleton and functional group could be the same only with the functional group attached to a different carbon atom
eg. butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol

different physical properties and the chemical properties might be different too
eg. primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols

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10
Q

different functional groups - explain and effects

A

the same atoms can be arranged into different functional groups
eg. butan-1-ol and ethoxyethane

they will have very different physical and chemical properties

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11
Q

Is there rotation around C=C double bonds?

A

No

doubles bonds are rigid and don’t bend much either

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12
Q

Is there rotation around C-C single bonds?

A

Yes

C-C bonds rotate freely - like wheels on an axis

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13
Q

What is Stereoisomerism?

A

Stereoisomers have the same shortened structural formula but a different arrangement in space

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14
Q

What causes stereoisomerism?

A

the lack of free rotation around the C=C double bond

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15
Q

What are the types of stereoisomerism? - explain them

A

Z-isomers and E-isomers

  1. Z-isomers (cis) - the same side, the hydrogens are either both below or both above the plane
  2. E-isomers (trans) - across, the hydrogens are not on the same side

if no hydrogens - cis/trans is used, looks for the same groups.

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