PK/PD Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Time dependent drugs (minimal effects)

A

-Penicillins
-Cephalosporins
-Carbapenems
-Macrolides
-Oxazolidiones

Paul can cook my oxtails

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2
Q

Time dependent dosing goals (minimal effects)

A

-Prolong Infusion Time
-Continuous Infusion
-Shorter Dosing Interval
-Increased Dose

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3
Q

Time dependent index (minimal effects)

A

%T > MIC

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4
Q

PK/PD Indices

A
  • %T/MIC
  • Cmax/MIC
  • AUC/MIC
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5
Q

Concentration Dependent drugs

A

-Aminoglycosides
-Quinolones

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6
Q

Concentration dependent index

A

Cmax:MIC
AUC:MIC

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7
Q

Concentration dependent dosing goals

A

-Extend dosing interval
-Maximize safe dose

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8
Q

Time dependent drugs (prolonged effects)

A

-Vancomycin
-Azithromycin
-Tetracyclines

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9
Q

Time dependent index (prolonged effects)

A

AUC:MIC

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10
Q

Time dependent dosing goals (prolonged effects)

A

Optimize safe dose

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11
Q

Vancomycin PK/PD dosing goal

A

AUC:MIC >/= 400 ng/L

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12
Q

Disease related changes

A
  • pH - change in drug ionization
  • Organ blood flow - change in Cl
  • Fluid shift (into 3rd space) - change in Vd
  • Albumin changes - change in free drug
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13
Q

Drugs related changes

A
  • hydrophilic drugs
  • lipophilic drugs
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14
Q

Hydrophilic drug changes

A

Tissue distribution - extracellular
Clearance - renal

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15
Q

Hydrophilic drugs

A

-Aminoglycosides
-Beta Lactams
-Glycopeptides
-Lipopeptides

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16
Q

Lipophilic drug changes

A

Tissue distribution - intracellular
Clearance - Hepatic

17
Q

Lipophilic drugs

A

Fluroquinolones
Macrolides
Tetracycline

18
Q

Antibiotics with NO renal adjustment

A

C - Ceftriaxone
C - Clindamycin
O - Oxacillin
M - Moxifloxacin
M - Metronidazole
A - Azithromycin
N - Nafcillin
D - Dalfopristin
D - Doxyxycline
L - Linezolid
E - Erythromycin
T - Tigecycline

19
Q

High serum concentration

A

low Vd and impaired CL

20
Q

Low serum concentration

A

high Vd and augumented CL

21
Q

Biggest Factor Controlling PD is what?

A

Bacteria Species

22
Q

Infection sites (highly perfused tissues)

A

Blood
Lung
Soft Tissue
Bone
CNS

23
Q

Blood infection site PK alteration

A

Expanded Vd
Enhanced CL

24
Q

How to optimize regimen for blood infection?

A

Loading dose
Increase dosing frequency

25
Q

How to optimize regimen for lung infection?

A

Increase dose

26
Q

Lung site PK alteration

A

Impaired permeability

27
Q

Soft Tissue site PK alteration

A

Variable

28
Q

How to optimize regimen for Soft tissue infection?

A

Increase dose in obesity

29
Q

Bone infection Pk alteration

A

Impaired permeability

30
Q

How to optimize regimen for bone infection?

A

Increase dose
Increase duration of therapy

31
Q

CNS infected PK alteration

A

Impaired permeabilty

32
Q

How to optimize dose for CNS infection?

A

Maximize dose

33
Q

What is the gold standard for MIC measurement?

A

Broth Macrodilution

34
Q

Methods to monitor and dose Vancomycin

A

Old school - trough
AUC (non-Bayesian)
Bayesian method

35
Q

AUC adjustment formula

A

AUC(observed) Dose(observed)
_______________ = ________________

AUC(target) Dose(target)