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Endocrinology > Pituitary&Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Pituitary&Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

Which pituitary is larger? Anterior or Posterior? Which is glandular tissue, which is neural tissue?

A

Anterior is 80% of the pituitary.. Anterior glandular, posterior neural

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2
Q

What are the two hormones of the posterior pituitary?

A

AntiDiuretic Hormone and Oxytocin

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3
Q

What are the two functions of ADH?

A

Controls water balance and inhibits diuresis(urine out put)

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4
Q

What are the two functions of oxytocin?

A

Controls uterine contractions and breast milk let down

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5
Q

What TYPE of hormones are from the hypothalamus? How are they secreted? All at once?

A

peptide hormones..secreted in pulses

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6
Q

What are the 4 Stimulatory hypothalamic hormones?

A

TRH(thyrotropinRH), CRH(corticotropinRH), GnRH(gonadotropinRH), and GHRH(growth hormoneRH)

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7
Q

What are the two inhibitory “substances”? What do they inhibit?

A

dopamine inhibits prolactin, somatostatin inhibits growth hormone

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8
Q

What are the 6 A.P. hormones?

A

FLAT PG….FSH(follicle stimulatingH), LH(Luteinizing H), ACTH(ArenoCorticoTropicH),

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9
Q

What is the target for TSH?

A

thyroid

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10
Q

What is the target for ACTH?

A

adrenal CORTEX

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11
Q

What is the target for FSH?

A

ovary/testes

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12
Q

What is the target for LH?

A

ovary/testes

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13
Q

What are the targets for GH?

A

liver, all tissues

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14
Q

What is the target for Prolactin?

A

Breast

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15
Q

What is the thyroid feedback loop?

A

TRH–>TSH–>T4(thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine)

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16
Q

What is the adrenal feedback loop?

A

CRH (WHY is it not ACRH???)–>ACTH–>Cortisol

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17
Q

What is the gonad feedback loop? What is the protein messenger that starts this whole process?

A

GnRH—>FSH/LH—>Estrogen & Testosterone…Kisspeptin

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18
Q

What is the growth feedback loop? What inhibits it again?

A

GHRH–>GH–>IGF-1(insulin-like growth factor-1)…Somatostatin inhibits GHRH

19
Q

What is the UNUSUAL feedback loop for Prolactin?

A

Dopamine BLOCKS Prolactin when milk not needed…When milk is needed: suckling BLOCKS dopamine. Now prolactin can produce milk

20
Q

Which structure is compromised in PRIMARY disease? What is the outcome?

A

the target gland.. the hypothalamus stimulates more “target gland hormone” decreased

21
Q

Which structure is compromised in SECONDARY disease? What is the outcome?

A

The pituitary is compromised…Tells the hypothalamus to stimulate more

22
Q

Which structure is compromised in TERTIARY disease?

A

The hypothalamus is compromised…Low hormone everywhere..

23
Q

What is the end result of excess TSH? (very rare)

A

Hyperthyroidism

24
Q

What is the name of the disease when there is excess ACTH?

A

Increased cortisol= cushing’s disease

25
Q

What is the syndrome caused by too much GH?

A

Acromegaly (gigantism)

26
Q

What is the cause of headaches due to a pituitary tumor?

A

Stretched dura

27
Q

What are two treatment options for a pituitary tumor?

A

Surgery, radiation therapy

28
Q

How do we treat excess pituitary hormone? Aside: do pituitary tumors usually produce hormones?

A

Inhibit pituitary secretion, pit hormone receptor against. Aside: No, pituitary hormones usually don’t produce hormones

29
Q

How do we treat a pituitary hormone deficiency? 2 hormones to replace…

A

1.replace target glands hormones and 2. replace pituitary hormone

30
Q

If there is a mass present, which pituitary hormones go first?

A

GH, FSH, and LH

31
Q

Which pituitary hormone is gone if the pituitary stock is compromised?

A

Prolactin! (Dopamine inhibition is lost)

32
Q

What two hormones(same loop)are deficient if the pt can’t handle medical stress?

A

ACTH and Cortisol

33
Q

What two hormones (same loop) are deficient for hypothyroidism?

A

TSH & thyroid hormones (T4 &T3)

34
Q

What Four hormones (same loop) are deficient if there is no menses, impotence, infertility, and low libido?

A

Low FSH, LH, Estrogen, Testosterone

35
Q

What is hormone is deficient if there is no lactation?

A

low prolactin

36
Q

What two hormones (same loop) are deficient in growth failure in children?

A

Low GH and IGF-1

37
Q

What is the only real ODD cause of high prolactin (that has to do with the thyroid)?

A

High TRH = High prolactin (why?)

38
Q

What type of drug can you administer to treat high prolactin?

A

A dopamine agonist

39
Q

What happens with insulin with too much GH?

A

Insulin uptake is lowered!

40
Q

What is an acral tissue?

A

a tip or extremity: forehead, nose, chin, hands, feet

41
Q

What is acromalgy before pooberty? Are the bone changes reversible?

A

gigantism.. Bone changes are irreversable

42
Q

When testing for acromegaly, what will happen to GH after an oral glucose load?

A

GH INCREASES above 1

43
Q

What is typically the first treatment for acromegaly?

A

Surgery

44
Q

What two drugs can be taken to slow down the effects of acromagaly?

A
  1. Somatostatin (to suppress the release of GH) 2. GH receptor antagonist (to block the GH receptors)

Endocrinology (8 decks)

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