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Endocrinology > Growth > Flashcards

Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Is poor pre-natal weight gain(aka intrauterine growth retardation) hormonal or environmental?

A

usually environmental or nutritional

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2
Q

What is head circumference determined by?

A

brain size (NOT HORMONES)

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3
Q

Which hormone plays a role in brain differentiation, but not size?

A

thyroid hormone

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4
Q

Which hormones affect baby length pre birth? WHICH DO NOT?!

A

INSULIN (and Insulin Like Growth Factors)… GH and Thyroid Hormone do not affect length BEFORE birth (interesting!)

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5
Q

Why do diabetic mothers have large babies?

A

The baby’s pancreas makes insulin in response to high glucose in mothers blood. INSULIN = GROWTH in an unborn baby!

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6
Q

Which hormone stimulates tooth growth?

A

GH

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7
Q

Is inadequate weight gain in childhood a hormonal issue?

A

RARELY, its 95% of the time malnutrition or chronic disease

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8
Q

What are the three devils that lead to childhood obesity?

A

Genetics, nutrition, and learned behavior

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9
Q

What does increased nutrition do to an obese child’s weight and height percentiles?

A

Weight percentile exceeds the height percentile

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10
Q

What percentage of childhood obesity is caused by endocrine malfunction?

A

less then 0.1% (insulin excess, cortisol excess, hypothyroidism)

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11
Q

What is the most important measure for height after birth?

A

height velocity (rate of change/yr)

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12
Q

How many inches is Benjamin Scott Graham going to grow this year?

A

more then 4 inches!

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13
Q

What physiological activity does GH pulse the most?

A

DURING SLEEP!

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14
Q

What is the GH feedback loop? (where?)

A

GHRH (inhibited by Somatostatin)(hypothal)–>GH(pituitary)–>IGF-1(liver)

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15
Q

Which hormone works with GH to produce the full effect of growth and is also needed for full fetal brain development?

A

thyroid hormone!

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16
Q

What are these hormones associated with? GH, IGF-1,Thyroid, Estrogen, and Testosterone..

A

bone growth and maturation

17
Q

What hormone causes bone epiphyses to close in late puberty?

A

Estrogen

18
Q

What are the two hormones added at puberty that aid normal growth?

A

Estrogen and androgens

19
Q

What hormone stimulates the pituitary to mature and secrete LH and FSH?

A

GnRH

20
Q

What is the first sign of male puberty? Female?

A

Male=enlargement of testes, female=breast budding

21
Q

What are the two reasons for short stature?

A

genetic and constitutional delay of growth (late bloomer-family)

22
Q

How can you tell benign short stature relating bone age to chronological age?

A

its benign if bone age < chronological age

23
Q

What are all of these symptoms leading to regarding growth? Hypothyroidsm, abnormal GH secretion/action, excess cortisol, precocious puberty..

A

Endocrine Causes of short stature

24
Q

What is the most common auto immune disease causing growth issues? how can you treat this?

A

hypothyroidism…give um thyriod hormone!

25
Q

Is height or weight more affected with GH/IGF-1 deficiency? How do you treat it?

A

height more affected…treat with GH or IGF-1, but they are expensive and require a needle.. BASEBALL players don’t mind :)

26
Q

Which hormone can you point the blame for: open bite, small mandible, incomplete tooth eruption/formation, overgrown gingiva?

A

A GH deficency

27
Q

What is the cause of precocious sexual development?

A

early estrogen or testosterone

28
Q

Central vs Peripheral Precocius Puberty: increased GnRH pulses?

A

Central

29
Q

Central vs. Peripheral: Low LH and FSH?

A

Peripheral

30
Q

Central vs Peripheral: Gonads enlarged producing E and T?

A

Central

31
Q

Central vs Peripheral: abnormal source of hormone?

A

Peripheral

32
Q

Central vs Peripheral: unknown cause, CHECK FOR BRAIN TUMOR in boys!

A

Central

33
Q

Does precocious puberty have an effect on tooth development?

A

Nope

34
Q

Does XYY have any effect on tooth development?

A

Yep, usually larger teeth

35
Q

Which syndrome results in taurodontism (enlarged pulp, thinning tooth surface, and increased decay?

A

Klinfelter Syndrom XXY

36
Q

What hormone(s) accelerate growth in BOTH boys and girls?

A

Estrogen AND androgen

37
Q

T/F: Androgens induce acne, axillary, and pubic hair in both boys and girls.

A

True!

38
Q

T/F: Estrogen induces breast development and skeletal maturation in BOTH boys and girls.

A

True!

39
Q

What is the main difference between central and peripheral precocious puberty?

A

Central=the GnRH Feedback loop and its anatomical structures. Peripheral:the GnRH feedback loop isn’t fxning, there are hormones coming in from outside the system.

Endocrinology (8 decks)

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