Growth Flashcards
Is poor pre-natal weight gain(aka intrauterine growth retardation) hormonal or environmental?
usually environmental or nutritional
What is head circumference determined by?
brain size (NOT HORMONES)
Which hormone plays a role in brain differentiation, but not size?
thyroid hormone
Which hormones affect baby length pre birth? WHICH DO NOT?!
INSULIN (and Insulin Like Growth Factors)… GH and Thyroid Hormone do not affect length BEFORE birth (interesting!)
Why do diabetic mothers have large babies?
The baby’s pancreas makes insulin in response to high glucose in mothers blood. INSULIN = GROWTH in an unborn baby!
Which hormone stimulates tooth growth?
GH
Is inadequate weight gain in childhood a hormonal issue?
RARELY, its 95% of the time malnutrition or chronic disease
What are the three devils that lead to childhood obesity?
Genetics, nutrition, and learned behavior
What does increased nutrition do to an obese child’s weight and height percentiles?
Weight percentile exceeds the height percentile
What percentage of childhood obesity is caused by endocrine malfunction?
less then 0.1% (insulin excess, cortisol excess, hypothyroidism)
What is the most important measure for height after birth?
height velocity (rate of change/yr)
How many inches is Benjamin Scott Graham going to grow this year?
more then 4 inches!
What physiological activity does GH pulse the most?
DURING SLEEP!
What is the GH feedback loop? (where?)
GHRH (inhibited by Somatostatin)(hypothal)–>GH(pituitary)–>IGF-1(liver)
Which hormone works with GH to produce the full effect of growth and is also needed for full fetal brain development?
thyroid hormone!
What are these hormones associated with? GH, IGF-1,Thyroid, Estrogen, and Testosterone..
bone growth and maturation
What hormone causes bone epiphyses to close in late puberty?
Estrogen
What are the two hormones added at puberty that aid normal growth?
Estrogen and androgens
What hormone stimulates the pituitary to mature and secrete LH and FSH?
GnRH
What is the first sign of male puberty? Female?
Male=enlargement of testes, female=breast budding
What are the two reasons for short stature?
genetic and constitutional delay of growth (late bloomer-family)
How can you tell benign short stature relating bone age to chronological age?
its benign if bone age < chronological age
What are all of these symptoms leading to regarding growth? Hypothyroidsm, abnormal GH secretion/action, excess cortisol, precocious puberty..
Endocrine Causes of short stature
What is the most common auto immune disease causing growth issues? how can you treat this?
hypothyroidism…give um thyriod hormone!
Is height or weight more affected with GH/IGF-1 deficiency? How do you treat it?
height more affected…treat with GH or IGF-1, but they are expensive and require a needle.. BASEBALL players don’t mind :)
Which hormone can you point the blame for: open bite, small mandible, incomplete tooth eruption/formation, overgrown gingiva?
A GH deficency
What is the cause of precocious sexual development?
early estrogen or testosterone
Central vs Peripheral Precocius Puberty: increased GnRH pulses?
Central
Central vs. Peripheral: Low LH and FSH?
Peripheral
Central vs Peripheral: Gonads enlarged producing E and T?
Central
Central vs Peripheral: abnormal source of hormone?
Peripheral
Central vs Peripheral: unknown cause, CHECK FOR BRAIN TUMOR in boys!
Central
Does precocious puberty have an effect on tooth development?
Nope
Does XYY have any effect on tooth development?
Yep, usually larger teeth
Which syndrome results in taurodontism (enlarged pulp, thinning tooth surface, and increased decay?
Klinfelter Syndrom XXY
What hormone(s) accelerate growth in BOTH boys and girls?
Estrogen AND androgen
T/F: Androgens induce acne, axillary, and pubic hair in both boys and girls.
True!
T/F: Estrogen induces breast development and skeletal maturation in BOTH boys and girls.
True!
What is the main difference between central and peripheral precocious puberty?
Central=the GnRH Feedback loop and its anatomical structures. Peripheral:the GnRH feedback loop isn’t fxning, there are hormones coming in from outside the system.
