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ENDO > Pituitary HAC equine > Flashcards

Pituitary HAC equine Flashcards

1
Q

List the corticotropes released by the pars distalis in horses

A

POMC
ACTH
B-lipotropin

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2
Q

List the melanotropes produced in the pars intermedia in horses

A
  • POMC
  • MSH
  • CLIP
  • B lipotropin
  • ACTH
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3
Q

What is the role of MSH?

A

Regulate appetite, sexual behaviour and melanin production

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4
Q

What is the role of CLIP?

A

Modulate pancreatic exocrine function

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5
Q

What is the role of b-lipotropin?

A

Melanin production, steroidogenesis and lipolysis

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6
Q

What is the role of B-endorphin?

A

Behaviour-docility

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7
Q

What does PPID stand for?

A

Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction

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8
Q

What is PPID also known as?

A

Equine cushings disease

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9
Q

What causes HAC in horses?

A

Pars intermedia adenoma-> excessive production of POMC’s derived peptides-> hyperadrenocorticism

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10
Q

What inhibits the pars intermedia?

A

Dopamine- lack of inhibitory control permits the formation of adenomas

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11
Q

Which receptor inhibits the expression of POMC?

A

D2 (dopamine)

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12
Q

What affect does administration of TRH have on PPID cases?

A

Increases release of a-MSH

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of PPID?

A
  • Hirsutism (excess hair)
  • Weight loss
  • PU/PD
  • Laminitis
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14
Q

Why does PPID cause hirsutism?

A
  • Due to chronic elevation of MSH
  • Pituitary compresses the hypothalamic thermoreg centre
  • Increased production of androgens
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15
Q

Why does PPID cause laminitis?

A
  • High glucocorticoid concentration

- Persistent hyperinsulinemia

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16
Q

Why does PPID cause PU/PD?

A
  • ACTH/ cortisol inhibit ADH

- Hyperglycaemia and glucosuria= osmotic diuresis

17
Q

Why does PPID cause weight loss?

A
  • Abnormal fat deposits/ fat redistribution

- Glucocorticoids have a catabolic effect on the skeletal muscle

18
Q

Why does PPPID results in increased docility/ lethargy?

A

Increased B-endorphin

19
Q

Why do horses with PPID have an impaired response to infection?

A
  • Because of elevated levels of immunosuppressive steroids

e. g. cortisol/ a-MSH, B-endorphin

20
Q

How do you diagnose PPID?

A

Multiple tests including:

  • Resting ACTH
  • TRH stimulation test
  • Insulin test
21
Q

Describe how you would use POMC to diagnose PPID

A

-POMC is disproportionately high than ACTH in horses with PPID

ENDO (39 decks)

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