Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

The anterior pituitary lobe originates from the _____ and the posterior pituitary lobe originates from the _____.

A
  • oropharynx ectoderm
  • neuroectoderm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

V= 3rd ventricle

O = optic Chiasm

H = connected to hypothalamus

P = stalk/infundibulim

AP = anterior pituitary

PP = posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pars distalis is also known as the _____.

A

anterior lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cell types of the pars distalis AKA anterior lobe of the pituitary

A
  • Chromaphils (acidophils & basophils)
  • Chromophobes
  • Follicular stellate cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the acidophilic chroma cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary AKA pars distalis?

A
  • Somatotrophs
  • mammotrophs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the basophilic cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary AKA pars distalis?

A
  • corticotrophs
  • thyrotrophs
  • gonadotrophs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Somatotrophs secrete ___.

A

growth hormone AKA somatotropin.

(well organized RAR with secretory granules. Unable to see under light microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mammut ropes AKA lactotrophs secrete _____.

A

prolactin

(development of mammary gland during pregnancy for most lactation after birth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Basophils (subcategory of chromophils) of the pars distalis are:

A
  • Gonadotrophs (FSH, LH)
  • Corticotrophs (ACTH)
  • Thyrotrophs (TSH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of LH in women? In men?

A
  • Triggers ovulation
  • Stimulates steroid hormone production in the Leydig cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Folliculostellate cells

A
  • Non secretory cells of the pars distalis AKA anterior lobe
  • Function is unknown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

B = basophil (chromophil)

A = acidophil (chromophil)

Ca = capillary

Cp = chromophobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Type of capillaries in a pituitary

A

fenestrated capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A
17
Q
A
18
Q
A

Pars intermedia

CF= colloid

(Toluidine blue-stained)

19
Q

Sounds of the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland secretes ______.

A

melanocyte stimulating hormone

(function is unknown)

20
Q

Define pars tuberalis

A
  • Forms a sleeve around infundibulum
  • Highly vascularized composed of longitudinal chords of weekly Baeza feel like cells
21
Q

Function of pars tuberalis

A

Secrete LH and FSH (basophils)

22
Q

What is the result of a tumor that presses on the optic chiasm?

A

Bitemporal hemianopia

23
Q

The pars nervosa is also known as the ______.

A

posterior pituitary gland

24
Q

Herring body

A

Accumulation of neuro secretory granules in the dilated axon terminals

(unique to the pars nervosa)

25
Q

What is the difference between oxytocin and prolactin in terms of lactation?

A
  • Prolactin stimulates milk production
  • Oxytocin stimulates mammary gland myoepithelial cells milk ejection
26
Q

Neurophysin

A

Binding protein specific for the hormones of the neuro secretory granules

27
Q

Function of pituicytes

A

Support on myelinated nerve fibers and pars nervosa

(Resembles neuroglial cell; possess cytoplasmic processes that terminate in the perivascular space)

(BV= blood vessel; HB = Herring body; N = Nuclei)

28
Q

Divisions of the neural hypothesis

A
  • Pars nervosa
  • Infundibulum
  • Median eminence
29
Q

Neurosecretory hormones are synthesized by hypothalamic neurons and stored in the ______.

A

median eminence

30
Q

Describe the blood flow to the pituitary.

A

Superior hypophyseal artery → primary capillary plexus → hypophyseal portal system → secondary capillary plexus

(hormones are released into the primary capillary plexus then carried to the secondary capillary plexus via the hypophyseal portal)

31
Q
A