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Histology - OMS 1 > Male Reproductive Histo > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the testes

A
  • Sperm production
  • Endocrine glands (testosterone synthesis, storage and secretion)
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2
Q

Mediastinum testis

A

Thickened posterior portion of the Tunica albuginea possessing a rete testes

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3
Q

Rete testis

A

Series of spaces that serve as a conduit for passage of sperm

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4
Q

seminiferous tubules is the site of ______.

A

spermatozoa production

(picture: TA= tunica albuginea, TV=tunica vaginalis, BV = blood vessel, L=lumen of ST)

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5
Q

In the seminiferous tubules, the youngest cells form the ___ layer and the more mature germ cells lie in the _____.

A
  • basal (outermost)
  • aduminal compartment (closer to center)
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6
Q
A

seminferous tubules

(stratified epithelieum w/spermatogenic and sertoli cells)

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7
Q

The 3 phases of spermatogenesis

A
  • Spermatocytogenesis (mitosis)
  • Meiosis
  • Spermiogenesis (differentiation)
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8
Q

Spermatocytogenesis ends when the ____ is generated. Spermiogenesis begins with ____.

A
  • primary spermatid
  • spermatis
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9
Q

Type A spermatogonia

A
  • Mitotic stem cells of the sperm lineage
  • Flat, oval nucleus
  • give rise to type A & B spermatogonia
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10
Q

Type B Spermatogonia

A
  • undergo mitosis
  • give rise to primary spermatocytes
  • round, pale nucleus
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11
Q

Primary spermatocytes are formed by _____.

A

mitosis of type B spermatogonia

(largest nucleus of any cells in the sperm lineage)

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12
Q

When do secondary spermatocytes enter the 2nd meiotic division?

A

Almost immediately

(Very few are observed in histologic examination)

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13
Q

Spermatids are formed by which event?

A

2nd meiotic divison

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

Define spermiogenesis

A

differentiation process that mature spermatozoa

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16
Q

Is cell division involved in spermiogenesis?

A

No

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17
Q

As long as the spermatids remain attached to Sertoli cells, they are considered _____.

A

spermatids

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18
Q

Major changes that occur in spermiogenesis:

A
  • Acrosome formation
  • Condensation of nuclear material
  • Flagellum formation
  • Shedding of excess cytoplasm
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19
Q

Acrosome function

A
  • facilitates fertilization
  • enzymes (proteolytic, hyaluronidase) separate corono radiata and penetrate zona pellucida
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20
Q

Flagella motion is generation in the _____ of sperm.

A

middle piece

(also stores mitochondria)

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21
Q

function of seminiferous tubules

A

spermatozoa production

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22
Q

3 stages of spermatogenesis:

A
  • spermatocytogenesis (mitosis)
  • meiosis
  • spermiogenesis
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23
Q

Sertoli cells functions

A
  • support of developing sperm cells
  • fluid secretion (propels spermatozoa)
  • phagocytosis of excess cytoplasm
  • androgen binding protein (ABP)
  • blood-tesis barrer
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24
Q

Histologic characteristic of sertoli cells

A
  • basal distinct nucleus
  • pale, oval or triangular
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25
Q

FSH from the anterior pituitary induces synthesis of ____ by the Sertoli cells

A

ABP

26
Q

blood testis barrier

A

tight junctions (zona occludens) joining adjacent Sertoli cells near their base

27
Q

2 concentric compartments formed by the blood-testis barrier tight junctions

A
  • basal compartment: between tight junctions & epithelial basal lamina
  • adluminal compartment
28
Q

Function of the blood-testis barrier

A

protects sperm cells from the immune system

29
Q
A
30
Q

Leydig cells are located within the _____ of the testes

A

interstitium (outside of seminiferous tubule)

31
Q

Leydig cells secrete ____ .

A

testosterone

(stimulated by LH from gonadotrophs)

32
Q

Efferent ducts

A

exit the testis and lie on the testis surface

33
Q

Effect ducts consist of _____ & _____ epithelium

A
  • simple w/ciliated columnar cells in patches
  • cuboidal w/nonciliated patches to reabsorb fluid

(lined w/psudostratified columnar epithelium- in micrograph)

34
Q
A

Rete Testis in Mediastinum

35
Q
A
36
Q
A

Efferent ductules surrounded by smooth muscle cells

(spermatozoa are the *)

37
Q

______ epithelium lines the epididymis

A

Pseudostratified

(often appears as simple columnar)

38
Q

epididymis consists of 2 cell types:

A

principal

basal

39
Q

Signature histological feature of principal cells of the epididymis

A

stereocilia on the apical surfaces (long branched microvili)

40
Q

How are spermatozoa propelled through the epididymis?

A

circularly-arranged smooth muscle surrounds CNT → peristaltic contraction

41
Q
A

epididymis

42
Q

Describe the lumen of the vas deferens (ductus deferens).

A

small & irregular

43
Q

The vas deferens is lined with ______ epithelium.

A

pseudostratified columnar (with stereocilia)

(similar to the epididymis except the principal cells are shorter)

44
Q

How are spermatozoa propelled through the vas deferens?

A

3 layers of thick smooth muscle (heavily innervated)

45
Q
A

vas deferens

46
Q

Lumen of the seminal vesicals are lined by _____ epithelium.

A

pseudostratified columnar

(cells vary in height in proportion to blood testosterone levels)

47
Q
A

seminal vesicles

(arrows = folding (left) & basal cells (right), SM = smooth m.)

48
Q

List the glands that make up the prostate gland.

A
  • Mucosal
  • Submucosal
  • Main prostatic
49
Q

The glands within the prostate gland are lined w/_____ epithelium.

A

pseudostratified columnar

50
Q

Prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea)

A
  • CaPO4 based accumulations
  • precipitated secretory components
  • increase with age
51
Q

secretions from the prostate gland

A

serous fluid with nutriets for spermatozoa (lipids, citric acid) and enzymes (fibrinolysin: liquifies semen)

52
Q

Zones of the prostate gland

A
  • transitional
  • periurethral
  • central
  • peripheral
53
Q
A

(concretions may become calcified)

54
Q

Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

A
  • paired glands at the end of the penis
  • secrete viscous mucous-like lubricant (precedes ejaculate)
55
Q

Urethral glands (glands of Littre) location & secretion:

A

location: along the urethra
secretion: lubricates urethral epithelium (protects from urine)

56
Q

Epithelium of the penis

A

stratified columnar to stratified squamous nonkeritinized

57
Q

3 columns of erectile tissue of the penis:

A
  • 2 corpora cavernosa (dorsal)
  • 1 corpus spongiousum (ventral)
58
Q

epithelium of the penile urethra

A

stratified columnar to stratified squamous, nonkeritinized epithelium

59
Q
A

corpus spongiosum & urethra

60
Q
A

subendothelial cushions formed by the smooth muscles of the corpus sponsiosum

Histology - OMS 1 (16 decks)

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