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Tp2. Metabolism, Endocrinology and Haemology > Pituitary Disorders > Flashcards

Pituitary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What areas of the brain would surround the pituitary gland

A

The optic charism
The internal carotid artery
The cavernous sinus (hollow space behind each eye socket)

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2
Q

What is effected when there is a tumour in the pituitary gland that would move upwards

A

Pressure on the optic charism
Vision Loss
Bi-temporal Hemi-anopia

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3
Q

What areadoes the pituitary gland sit in

A

The sella turcica
(A pocket of the sphenoid bone)

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4
Q

How would you investigate a pituitary tumour, what would you do when found

A

MRI
Test vision
Test endocrine function
REMOVE BY SURGERY

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5
Q

What would an MRI show

A

The topographical location of the tumours
The size of the tumour

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6
Q

For what axis’ would the dynamic blood tests be needed

A

The GH axis
The HPA (cortisol release) axis
Due to them having the pulsatile release

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7
Q

What is hypopituitarism

A

The pituitary Adenomas
When would have the deficiency n some of the hormones from the anterior pituitary gland
Mainly would be the GH and the LH/FSH

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8
Q

What is Pan-hypopituitarism

A

Deficiency in ALL the anterior pituitary gland hormones
If the tumour affects hypothalamic would have the reduced ADH and OT

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9
Q

What does a GH deficiency in adults do

A

The weakened muscle strength
Development of the body fat
Decreased tolerance to excersise

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10
Q

What does a GH deficiency do in children

A

Can be from the inflammation of the GHRH receptors or from the autoimmune attach on the receptors
The stunted growth
The low fetal growth
Short stature
Hypoglycaemia
Jaundice

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11
Q

What would happen in a TSH deficiency

A

Low T4 levels and no elevated TSH levels
Weight gain, slow heart rate

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12
Q

What would happen when have an ACTH deficiency

A

Low cortisol levels
Tiredness, dizziness

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13
Q

What is diabetes insipidus

A

ADH deficiency
Hypothalamus tumour
Excess excretion dilute urine (dehydration)
Polydipsia (increased thirst)

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14
Q

What is a prolactinoma

A

A prolactin secreting pituitary tumour
When >1cm: Macro-adenoma
When <1cm: Micro-adenoma

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15
Q

How would your treat the prolactinomas

A

The tablets and NOT by operating

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16
Q

What does dopamine do to the prolactin secretion

A

Dopamine is the same as prolactin inhibiting hormones
Would stop the secretion

17
Q

What are the symptoms for the Prolactinoma for men and women

A

Women: galactorrhoea (milk discharge from breasts), mental imbalance, fertility issue s
Men: galactorrhoea (rare), Gynaecomastia (hard breast tissue),fertility issues also

18
Q

What is important to check before checking for the prolactinoma

A

If pregnant
Check medications

19
Q

What is gigantism

A

In children
When have the over production of the growth hormones (before the fusion of the epiphyseal plates in the long bones)

20
Q

What is acromegaly

A

In adults when have the GH increase
The large extremities
The coarse facial features
Deep voice due to hypertrophy of the soft tissues in the airways
Severe snoring again became of the hypertrophy and obstruction of the airways

21
Q

What are the biochemical tests for the acromegaly

A

Oral glucose tolerance test (should make GH decrease)
The growth hormone day curve
Measure the IGF1 levels

22
Q

How would you treat acromegaly

A

The dopamine receptor agonist (reduces the GH levels)
Somatostatin analogs (man mad somatostatin)
Radiation therapy

23
Q

What are the types of radiation therapy for treating acromegaly

A

External beams: short bursts over several weeks
Gamma knifes: high concentration beams over a single session

24
Q

What is the cause of the GH deficiency in children

A

The gene mutation that would come with the autoimmune gland inflammation

25
Q

What is mainly the cause of the GH deficiency in adults

A

The pituitary adenoma

26
Q

What is the difference between cranial and nephogenic diabetes insipidus

A

Cranial - pituitary tumour that would stop the release of the ADH,so would have the increased water excretion and increased thirst
Nephrogenic - ADH resistance, body would produce but would not have the response

27
Q

What would happen to prolactin if there was a tumour is the pituitary stalk

A

Blocks the dopamine
Would not be able to reach the APG
Would have the constant release as would have no inhibition

28
Q

What is the size of macro-adenoma

A

Large tumour >1cm

29
Q

What is the micro-adenoma

A

Tumour that would be <1cm

30
Q

What would dopamine agonists do to the levels of prolactin

A

Would cause the high levels

31
Q

What would the dopamine agonists do to the prolactin levels

A

Would caus them to decrease

32
Q

What are the dopamine agonist drugs used to decrease the levels of prolactin

A

Bromocriptine
Cabergoline

33
Q

What are the drugs against acromegaly

A

Dopamine agonists
Somatostatin analogs (increase insulin so would decrease GH)
GH antagonists

Tp2. Metabolism, Endocrinology and Haemology (16 decks)

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