Haemopoeisis Issues Flashcards
What is primary myeloidfibrosis
Mutation in the haemopoietic stem cells
Reactive bone marrow fibrosis
The scar tissue forms and lots of collagen deposits
What is polycythaemia
The increased red blood cell count
What is the absolute and relative causes of polycythaemia
Relative: increased plasma
Absolute: bone marrow issues (primary)
EPO issues (secondary) renal or the hypoxia
What is thrombocytosis
The increased platelets
What mutations can cause thrombocytosis
Mutation of the JAK2 genes
Mutation of the thrombopoeitin receptor
What are the primary, secondary and the redistribution elements of thrombocytosis
Primary : abnormalities in the bone marrow
Secondary : from the infection or the inflammation, more used
Redistribution: increased released from the splenic pool of platelets
What is thrombocytopenia
Decreased platelets
What is the reason from thromobocytopenia
Decreased production (B12 or folate deficiency, liver failure)
Increased consumption (haemorrhage, DIC)
Increased platelet destruction (auto immune, drugs heparin, hypersplenism)
What is panocytopenia
The decrease in all the cells
What is myeloproloferative neoplasms
The disease of the bone marrow that would lead to the excess production
How can you treat thrombocytopenia
Corticosteroids
Intravenous pooled human immunoglobulins (stops the break down)
Splenectomy
TPO receptor agonist
What are the symptoms of thrombocytopenia
Easy bruising
Purpura (when blood build spots are purple)
Muscoal bleeding
Intracranial haemorrhage
What is the JAK2 gene mutation
Point mutation of the JAK2 (which would be a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase)
On position 6
Would have the proliferation of cells and the constant expression of the haemopoietic precursors
Why would you give hydroxycarbomide
Stops the DNA synthesis so would not have the production of the mutated JAK2 gene
How would the deficiency in the B12 and folates lead to thrombocytopenia
None would lead to liver damage
TPO made in the liver
Less platelets made
Why would thrombocytopenia lead to purpura/petechia
The pooling of blood
Less platelets for the clotting to occur
What does TPO stand for
Thrombopoietin
What is haemolytic anaemia
When would have the increased destruction of the red blood cells (more destruction then creation)
What is the bone marrow replaced with when you have the primary myelofibrosis
Collagen would be deposited so would have the bone marrow replaced with scar tissue
Scar tissue fibrosis
What is the primary reason for the cell deficiency’s
The bone marrow issues
Polycythaemia Vera
Essential thrombocythaemia (thrombocytosis)
