Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards
What cells would make up the pancreas
Beta (insulin)
Alpha (glucagon)
Delta (somatostatin)
Pancreatic peptide
What is the function of somatostatin
Proliferation and differentiation of the islets cells
Control the release of the insulin and the glucagon
What is the pathway for insulin production
Preproinsulin (signalling peptide cleaved, the c-peptide cleaved)
Proinsulin (then the disulfide bonds added) packaged into the golgi
What would be an indicator for the pancreas’ ability to produce insulin
C-peptide presence in the blood
What is the mechanism for the insulin release from the beta cells
Glucose in through GLUT 2 -
metabolised glucose to produce ATP
Shuts the potassium channels, not leave and the cell depolarised
Calcium would enter
Production of CAMP
Then the margination of the vesicles to the surface and the release of the insulin
What is an insulin receptor on cells
Tyrosine kinase receptors
(Remember insulin attach, conformational shape change, would send a signal)
What stabilises the insulin molecule
Disulfide bonds
(3 through the structure)
What would happen to the cells in the islets if the person has DM
Would have the mixed arrangement of the cells
Alpha would move to the inside
What two things would occur in T2DM
Hyperglycaemia
Hyperinsulinemia
What is the Normal blood glucose and fasting blood glucose
3.3 - 6 for normal
7 - 8 for fasting
What is the renal threshold
10.8mmol (above this the kidneys cannot absorb)
What are the insulin sensitive cells
Adipose
Skeletal muscle cells
What is the main target cell for glucagon
Liver
What are the symptoms of metabolic syndrome
Hypertension
Dyslipidemia (high fat in blood)
High BMI
Hyperglycaemia
NORMALLY IN THE T2DM
What are the sulphonylureas
Non-insulin drugs that would allow the insulin secretion
