Glycogen And Lipid Storgage Flashcards
What is glucogenesis
The production of glycogen from glucose
What is gluconeogenesis
The production of new glucose molecules from precursors such as lactate, pyruvate and alanine
Would be when have starvation, fasting or prolonged excersise
What enzyme stimulates glycogen synthesis
Glycogen synthase
What enzyme would stimulate glycogen degradation
Glycogen phosphorylation
Where is glucose mainly stored
The muscle 400g
Th liver 75g
What are the steps for the glucose release form the muscles and what is the fate of glucose
Glycogen - g-1-6 (mutase) g-6-p (glycolysis) - glucose for atp and oxygen
Fate: to produce atp energy
What are the steps for the release of glucose form the liver and what is the fate of glucose
Glycogen - g-1-p (mutase) g-6-p (glucose-6-phosphatase) glucose
Fate: blood glucose
What is hexokinase
A enzyme that would take part in glycolysis
This would then add the phosphate to the glucose
What is phosphofructokinase
A enzyme from glycolysis
This would be rate limiting (would the enzyme that would in the lowest amount in the body)
What does insulin do to glycogen enzymes
Glycogen synthesis, activates glycogen synthase by dephosphorylating
Glycogen degeneration, deactivates glycogen phosphorylase (dephosphorylation)
What does glucagon/adrenaline do to the glycogen enzymes
Activates glycogen phosphorylase by phosphorylation (allowing the glycogen break down to glucose)
What is UDP-glucose
A high energy intermediate of glucose in glycolysis
Glycogen synthase would then remove UDP to form the branched glycogen structure
What is Von Gierke disease
A glycogen deficiency disease
Would not have the glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme
Would then have the accumulation of the g-6-p and soon the accumulation of glycogen
Enlarged swollen liver, lactic acidosis, hypoglycaemia
Autosomal recessive
What steps in glycolysis produce and use atp
1 and 3 would use
7 and 10 would use ATP
What are the two important molecules in gluconeogenesis
PEPCK enzyme (converts oxaloacetate to PEP)
Fructose-1,6- bisphosphate
How does insulin effect PEPCK and f-1,6bp
Not wanting to produce glucose
Would then decrease the amount of PEPCK and F-1,6BP
What would glucagon and cortisol do to the levels of PEPCK and F-1,6BP
Would allow the increased production of the glucose (the hormone that would normally break down the glycogen)
Would increase levels and allow activation of the enzyme
How and where are the fatty acids stored
In the adipose tissue
Within the adipocytes
As triacylglycerides
What is an adipocyte
A cells of the adipose tissue
What enzyme causes the fatty acids to be released for the adipocyte
HSL (hormone sensitivity lipase)
CAMP - protein kinase - HSL stimulated
What leads to fatty acid storage and what leaved to fatty acid mobilisation
Storage: insulin
Mobilisation: noradrenaline, adrenaline, cortisol, glucagon
What is the mechanism by which fatty acids are metabolised
Beta oxidation
In the mitochondria
Would produce 4 ATP for each cycle
Would use fatty acyl CO A
By what mechanism are fatty acids produced
Lipogenesis
Increased by the amount of insulin in the cells (as would allow more glucose to move into the cells)
Needs ATP and NADPH
In the cytoplasm of the liver cells
Made from Acetyl co a - malonyl Co a - complex fatty acids
