Pituitary (29-37)

Question 1

What is the embryological origin of the anterior and posterior pituitary glands?;

Answer 1

Anterior - Rathke’s pouch. Posterior - neural tube

Question 2

What is the blood supply to the anterior and posterior pituitary glands?;

Answer 2

Anterior gland - superior hypophyseal artery (branch of internal carotid). Posterior gland - inferior hyposphseal artery (branch of internal carotid)

Question 3

What hormones are secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands?;

Answer 3

Anterior gland - growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin. Posterior gland - oxytocin, ADH - (antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin).

Question 4

Name some tumours of the pituitary glands;

Answer 4

Microadenomaa (<1cm) or Macroademonas (>1cm). Secreatry tumours- prolactimona, growth hormone secretory, ATCH secretory or Non-secretory tumours - gliomas

Question 5

What does the pineal gland secrete?;

Answer 5

Melatonin (circadin rhythm)

Question 6

From where are the different parts of the brain embryologically derived?;

Answer 6

Cereberum - procephalon, midbrain - mesocephalon, Hindbrain - rhombocephalon

Question 7

Name somes tumours of the brain;

Answer 7

Gliomas (1/3rd) - oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma multiform (GBM). Non-gliomas (2/3rd) - meningomas, swanomas, craniopharyngiomas.

Question 8

What arteries form (supply) the circle of willis?;

Answer 8

Supply from vertebral and internal carotid arteries

Question 9

What are the most common sites for Berry aneurysms?;

Answer 9

1. Anterior communicating (40%), 2. Middle cerebral (35%), 3. Posterior communicating (20%)