Piglet diarrhea (Bromfield)

Question 1

Colibacillosis

Answer 1

• E. Coli
• white scours/wet tail scours
• up to 100% morbility
• 60-75% mortality
• around 2-3 days of age
• TX
  
  • fluid/electrolytes
• DX
  
  • history, CS
  • response to Gentamycin
• Control
  
  • vaccination for sows
  • All in all out

Question 2

TGE

Answer 2

• Transmissible Gastroenteritis
• highly infectious viral disease (coronavirus)
• all ages
• Eipzootic morbidity: 100%
• vx and dx: attacks villus
• Enzootic: usually outbreaks in weaned kids
• Necropsy: thin walled SI
• No tx
• vaccines not great
• birds can be carriers

Question 3

PEDv

Answer 3

• Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus
• coronavirus
• morbidity up to 100%
• villus blunting
• same as TGE
• 3 wk old pigs will not survive
• profuse water diarrhea and vx
• biosecurity, vaccination, bird/animal control

Question 4

Coccidiosis

Answer 4

• Sow not source
• oocysts in piglet environment
• must be at least 4.5-5 days old (piglets)
• merozoites, micro and macro gametes in SI
• hygiene and heat treatment
• coccidiostats only

Question 5

Clostridial Enteritis

Answer 5

• < 7 days old
• necrotic, hemorrhagic enteritis
• perfringens type C
• in soil
• CS: death, or bloody diarrhea, or death
• post mortem, impression smear, culture
• TX: penicillin (PPG)
• vaccination
• antitoxin, abx to sows, hygeine

Question 6

Rotavirus

Answer 6

• takes off tip of villus
• killed by ethanol and everything
• very common
• 7-14 days old piglets
• some vomiting
• TX: fluids, Abx, TLC
• vaccination not great, sow management

Question 7

breakdown preweaned pigs

day 3-4 or younger

day 6-7

day 7+

Answer 7

• day 3-4 or younger: likely E. Coli
• day 6-7: coccidia
• day 7+: Chlostridia, possibly rotavirus

Question 8

Colibacillosis

post weaning

Answer 8

• E. Coli (different from other E. Coli)
• postweaning diarrhea
  
  • loss of lactogenic immunity
• edema
• 20-50% morbidity, up to 10 % mortality
• fever, maybe
• no villous damage
• dx: clinical signs, culture (look for specific E. Coli)
• TX: anything that treats G-s (feed medication)
• control: creep feeding
• vaccination for little guys not great

Question 9

Edema Disease

Answer 9

• related to E. Coli
• edema
  
  • gut, eyelids, face, nervous signs
• death of good doers
• oral exposure
• DX: CS, culture spec E. Coli and edema inducing toxin
• DDX:
  
  • PRV (pseudorabies)
  • Mulberry heart
  • arsenic
• ABX, acidifying feed
• vacc not great, get rid of genetic carriers

Question 10

Salmonellosis

Answer 10

• not typcally same salmonella that people get
• primary dz of grow/finish pigs
• septicemic form
  
  • fever, restless, anorexia, cynosis
• enteric form
  
  • fever, dehydration, dec body cond, fast spreading diarrhea
• necropsy: skin discoloration, larger LN, focal nec, inc L.N. size
• isolate, dec stress, inc hygeine
• pulse feed antibiotics, or vaccines

Question 11

Serpulina (brachyspira) hyodysenteriae

Answer 11

• bloody, mucoid diarrhea
• up to 40% of farms
• anaerobic spirochete
• morbidity: 100%, mortality 30%
• can shed for up to 70 days
• organism can survive in lagoon, H2O, dogs, mice, starling, flies
• not a ton of chronic dz
• lesions limited to mucosa
• DX: CS, postmortem, culture
• DDX: salmonellosis, NPE (ileitus), TGE
• TX: anything
• De pop/ re pop

Question 12

Serpulina (brachyspira) pilosicoli

Answer 12

2nd verse same as the first

Question 13

PIA

Procine Intestinal Adenomatosis Complex

Answer 13

• ileitis
• inc prev in hi health herds
• easy to treat
• lawsonia intracellularis
• fecal oral transmission
• mid-grower, early finisher
• PIA: mild signs => wt. loss, dec appetite, diarrhea
• NE/RI: more severe diarrhea and wt. loss
• PHE: acute hemorrhagic anemia, melena, death
• spontaneous recovery in 4-6 weeks
• Necropsy: icky ileum (thickened)
• DX: HX and clinical signs, clean herd
• DDX: salmonella, swind dysentery (SD)
• Oral vaccine when off antibiotics

Question 14

Gastric Ulcers

Answer 14

• ulceratio of pars esophagae
• 2-100% animals at slaughter
• 24 hours off feed (chicken or egg?)
• Etiology: stress, finely ground feed, gastric acidity
• Clinical signs: Peracute-dead; chronic-melena, weight loss, anemia, abdominal pain
  
  • bleached out pigs…
• DX: HX and CS, melena, anemia
• DDX: PHE

Question 15

Grower sized pigs with bloody diarrhea could be

NAVLE

Answer 15

1. Salmonella
2. PHE (Ileitis)
3. SD

Question 16

6 day old pigs that are scouring

NAVLE

Answer 16

• E. Coli
• Coccidia
• probs not rotavirus

Question 17

everyone on sow farm broken with diarrhea (sows and piglets)

NAVLE

Answer 17

• TGE-coronavirus
• PEGD-coronavirus

Question 18

PRDC

Answer 18

• pneumonia in nursery thru finisher
• multifactorial
• 2-10% mortality
• 20-80% morbidity
• poor growth, 18 week wall
• HX: morb/mort, age/time onset, duration of sickness
• PE: take temp, coughing, thumping (abdominal comp), Nasal d/c, facilities/stocking rates, ventilation
• necropsy everything: euthanize and post several untreated animals

Question 19

Mycoplasma Pneumonia

Answer 19

• enzootic pneumonia: mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
• low mortality
• common in up to 90% of herds
• survives on hair in clothing
• chronic dz, never really goes away
• 3-10 weeks of age
• chronic, non-productive cough
• infection of cilia of upper resp tract
• in in size of mediastinal L.N.s
• DX: CS, culture back of nose, serology for herd exposure, histopath
• DDX: SIV, Pasteurellosis, APP, Ascarids, other (PRRS, PRV, etc)
• TX: unrewarding
• Mycotil good for cow and pig tx, can kill peeps
• all in all out, early weaning, pathogen free, old sows have best colostrum but may expose their piglets

Question 20

Swine flu, SIV

Answer 20

• Flu A
• 25% slaughter animals, 45% breeding animals
• H1N1, H3N2, H2N1
• aerosol
• outbreaks in fall, spring
• explosive outbreak of coughing
• nec: purple-red penumonic lesions; mucus and exudate in airways
• DDX: pasteurella, PRV, APP, Mycoplasma
• TX: aspirin, expectorants
• Vaccines, ventilation, pig movement, bird control

Question 21

Pasteurella multocida

Answer 21

• everywhere there are pigs
• usually secondary prob, doesn’t usually cause probs on own
• Type A more common than type D
• aerosolized, oral spread
• severe dyspnea, open mouthed breathing (very bad)
• mycoplasma lesions, bronchopneumonia, consolidation
• DX: CS, culture
• DDX: mycoplasma, PRV, APP, Ascarid
• TX: abx
• control other respiratory problems

Question 22

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

Answer 22

• arterivirus
• aerosolized, pig to pig, secretions, semen
• CS: resp, repro, one, both
• resp in nursery pigs after weaning
• path: viremia => clinical signs => immunosuppression
• Piglets-unrewarding necropsy
• pneumonic - interstitial pneumonia on histopath
• DX: CS, HX, virus iso (VI)
• blue ear dz
• DDX: other resp dz, other abortion dz
• matched health programs: get replacement gilts infected with PRRS during their iso time
• vaccine: many antigenic straines, vaccine with correct strain
• never buy PRRS infected semen

Question 23

APP

Answer 23

• actinobaccillus Pleuropneumoniae
• high mortality
• many serotypes (13)
• needs a nurse colony for staph if you want to grow
• fragile, requires nose-to-nose contact (aerosolization)
• carrier pigs, unlikely to come in on a person
• all ages affected: may stay contained to grower pigs
• acute: inc temp, anorexia, dyspnea, death in 6 hours
• subacute: less death
• chronic: all ages, some abortions from sick sows
• infarcts in lungs
• Pigs dyspnic, sick, struggle to breath
• DX: CS, infarcts
• TX: anything against G+s
• Vaccinate