Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

P&P final > immunology vacc dairy cattle (Risco) > Flashcards

immunology vacc dairy cattle (Risco) Flashcards

1
Q

Ideal vaccine

A
  1. prolonged immunity
  2. free adverse side effects
  3. inexpensive
  4. stable
  5. response distinguishable from natural infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Designing vaccine program

A
  • disgned per needs of herd
    • risk assessment
      • dz hx
      • biosecurity, animal movement
      • vaccination hx
      • breeding management: bulls used?
    • intended management scheme and management practices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Disease occurs when

A

herd immunity drops below level of disease pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Declining immunity

A
  • stress
    • weather
    • poor nutrition
    • calving
  • disease challenge
  • booster lapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Colostrum

A
  • can be thought of as a vaccine
  • Colostrum
    • immunoglobulins
    • functional maternal immune cells
    • interferon
    • other immune factors
  • vaccination to improve colostral quality
    • vaccines against enteric calf pathogens
      • E. Coli, rotavirus, coronavirus
    • look for specific data on vaccine you want to use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

maternal antibody interference

A
  • may be a problem with some vaccines (minimal)
  • mostly for diseases for which humoral immunity is primary protective mechanism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DZ that stimulate primarily cell-mediated protection

A
  • BRSV
  • BHV-1
  • Parainfluenza virus
  • leptospira borgpetersennii

*not blocked by maternal antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DZ that stim humoral response (antibody)

A
  • BVD
  • Mannheimia haemolytica
  • Pasteurella multocida

*blocked by maternal antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neonatal corticosteroids

A
  • birth to 5 days
  • systemic immune resonse decreased dramatically during first few days of life
    • worst at 3 days
    • back to normal at 5 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Second period of reduced systemic immune system responsiveness

A
  • between 3-5 weeks
  • poorly understood
  • corrosponds to when maternal T cells are disappearing from calf
    • in calves fed fresh colostrum
  • especially well documented for vaccines against the 4 primary viral diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Factors influencing vaccine efficacy

Stress

A
  • don’t vaccinate 1 week before or 1 week after stressful procedures
    • castration
    • dehorning
    • weaning and movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors influencing vaccine efficacy

Stage lactation

A
  • periparturient immune suppression
    • 3-4 weeks pre and post calving
    • delayed and decreased inflammatory responses
    • may also delay or impair responses to vaccines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How to assess vaccine efficacy

A
  • look at label
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Label claims

USDA allows….

A
  1. Prevention of infection: Lepto is only one
  2. Prevention of disease
  3. Aid in disease prevention
  4. Aid in disease control
  5. Other
    • pathogen shedding reduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Modified live (attenuated)

advantages

A
  • strong and long-acting immunity
  • effective intranasal and orally
  • less risk hypersensitivity
  • may stimulate interferon
  • humoral and CMI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Modified live (attenuated)

Disadvantages

A
  • mild systemic rxns occur
  • risk reversion to virulence
  • perpetuation of antigen in pop
  • abortion (depending on virus)
  • limited shelf life
17
Q

Killed (inactivated) vaccines

Advantages

A
  • unlikely to cause dz
  • stable in storage
18
Q

Killed (inactivated) vaccines

Disadvantages

A
  • incomplete inactivation
  • short-lived immunity
  • only parenteral route
  • hypersensitivity
  • adjuvants => local reactions
19
Q

booster importance

A
  • follow label directions
  • yearly booster recommended for MVL and killed
  • killed vaccines require booster before protection complete
20
Q

Responses to Killed vaccines

A
  • 1st administration => primary response
    • short lived
    • weak response
    • predominant antibody is IgM
  • 2nd administration => anamnestic response
    • stronger response
    • longer lived
    • predominant antibody is IgG
    • more memory
21
Q

Booster vaccination failure

A
  • booster given too early
    • anamnestic response doesn’t occur
  • too much time elapse before booster
    • booster acts as primary response
22
Q

modified live response

A
  • virus or bacteria grows in animal
    • don’t need a booster
    • stimulates primary and secondary response
23
Q

purpose of adult herd vaccination program

A
  • protect adult herd against high-prevalence or disastrous dz
  • promote reproductive efficiency
24
Q

Purpose of replacement herd vaccination program

A
  1. protect the calf against specific pathgens that are prevelant or would be disastrous
  2. prepare calf for entry into adult herd
25
Q

multiple antigens

A
  • Endotoxin load
    • adults: max 3 gram-negative antigens
    • young stock: max 2 gram-negative antigens
26
Q

Minimum US dairy herd vacc program

A
  • major viral dzs
    • BVD (types 1 and 2)
    • BHV-1
    • BRSV
    • P13
    • at least one MLV for replacements prior to first breeding
      • establishes strong baseline immunity
  • 5 primary leptospira serovars
  • major clostridial diseases
  • core endotoxin vaccines
  • brucellosis
27
Q

Leptospirosis

A
  • Host adapted: repro failure and abortion
    • L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo, type hardjo-bovis
    • L. interrogans serovar Pomona
  • Non host adapted: acute dz
    • L. kirshneri serova Grippotyphosa
    • L. interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae
    • L. interrogans serovar Canicola

*something about endemic in rats

*booster q 6 months I think

*classic example for concept of boostering

28
Q

always give a particular vaccine at….

A
  • particular site
    • helps ID cause of vaccine reactions
29
Q

On-going vaccination monitoring questions

A
  • Are we vaccinating at the right time?
  • Are we vaccinating against the right diseases?
  • Are we meeting our goals for dz control?

*Stay current

30
Q

dairy vacc protocol

incoming heifers

A
  • IBR/BVD/P13/BRSV killed
  • Clostridium 7-way
  • E. Coli J5 K99
  • Pinkeye (optional)
31
Q

Tritrichomonus fetus

A
  • don’t use in bulls
    • lives in fornix of prepuce of bulls (no good immune resp)
32
Q

Brucella

A
  • don’t vaccinate a bull
    • because then they will be positive
33
Q

vaccination trouble-shooting

A
  • fridge working
  • handling
  • timing, site,

P&P final (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions