Aquaculture (Floyd) Flashcards
1
Q
Aquaculture
A
- controlled rearing of aquatic organisms
- fastest growing animal industry in global market
- direct competition with wild harvests
2
Q
Issues for veterinarians
A
- disease dx/ control
- ‘legal’ drugs
- health certification
- food safety
- reportable diseases
- OIE: a bunch for aquatic diseases
3
Q
Global aquaculture commodities
A
- 32% global consumption from aquaculture
- China: 89% global production
- Asia (excluding China): 22%
- Latin America: 2.2%
- N.A.: 1%
*numbers don’t add up, know most is from China
4
Q
Florida Aquaculture
TQ
A
- Tropical Fish: $ 33 million
- Aquatic Plants: $ 17 million
- Clams: $ 11 million
- Alligators: $ 4 million
- Catfish: $ 1.4 million
- Other food fish: $ 1.7 million
5
Q
Extensive farming
A
- they are free
- fisherie as opposed to a farm
- low stocking rate
- low feeding rate
- less time consuming
- less expense
6
Q
Intensive farming
A
- management is more like a traditional farm
- crowding
- water quality issues
- nutrition
- infectious disease
- water quality management/aeration required
7
Q
advantages of extensive production
A
- little investiment
- fish can be trapped
- natural food available
- used as source of protein from community managed ponds
- talapia
-
multi-tiered
- pigs/chickens housed over pond => algae blood => feeds fish
8
Q
example of extensive production
livebearer production in Florida
A
- produce live young, no eggs
- guppies, swordtails, mollies, platies
- Traditional production
- stock broodfish into fertilized pond
- low quality (cost) feed in small amounts
- place baited traps
- harvest fish of sufficient size that go into trap
- no control of genetics or number harvested
9
Q
Intensive production
advantages
A
- indoors-more control
- elimination of predation
- massive inc in production
- only option for modern commercial operation
10
Q
Intensive production
Disadvantages
A
- inc risk of disease and disease transmission
- biosecurity is critical
- system failure can lead to catastrophic loss
- possibly minutes
- high start-up and operating costs
- complete diet required
11
Q
Example of Intensive production
egg layer
A
- initial rearing in hatcheries
- species dependent methods
- grow out in ponds or tanks
- ponds: aeration and quality feeds
- inc use of re-circulating systems
- biosecurity is critical
12
Q
Example of intensive fish farming in FL
A
- angelfish
- slate to hatching jar to pond to vat
13
Q
Types of production systems in US
A
- Earthen ponds
- channel catfish
- hybrid striped bass
- shrimp
- Raceways
- Rainbow trout
- Cages or net pens
- Salmon
- Re-circulating tank systems
- Tilapia
- Underwater lease
- clams from cedar key!
14
Q
Pond production
Advantages
A
- free or cheap water
- no need to pump/circulate
- filtration system not required
- some natural food available
15
Q
Pond production
Disadvantages
A
- minimal control of environment
- very imp in large production ponds
- predation can exceed 70%
- difficult to maintain inventory
- ‘off flavor’ hard to control
- algal blooms
- fish can’t be marketed for consumption
- quality control issue, not food safety
16
Q
Earthen ponds
A
- intensity of management determined by stocking rates
- dissolved oxygen often limiting
- minimal control of rearing conditions
- most common method used for production aquaculture in U.S.
17
Q
Raceway production systems
advantages
A
- often free water from river, other
- use high flows instead of filtration systems
- inexpensive
18
Q
Raceway production systems
disadvantages
A
- poor control water source
- introduce disease and contamination if using surface water
- concerns with effluent
- contamination
- dissemination of dz to surface waters
- crowding facilitates rapid spread of disease
- treatments can be difficult b/c of large volumes of water used
19
Q
Cage culture
Advantages
A
- tidal flush - free water exchange
- risk of contamination or disease intro
- easy to harvest
20
Q
Cage culture
disadvantages
A
- controversial in population areas (Puget sound)
- aesthetic concerns
- environmental concerns
- exposure to wild fish - dz potential
- potential for local contamination
- susceptible to storm damage
- predation
- concenr for local environment
- very crowded
- potential for dz spread
- difficult to treat
21
Q
Recirculating systems
advantages
A
- complete control of environment
- no predation
- very efficient grow out for suitable species
- diet
- toleration
- Treatment easier and less expensive
22
Q
Re-circulating systems
disadvantages
A
- very high capital investment
- high risk
- power failure - catastrophic loss
- intensive management requirements
- expensiive to operate and maintain
- protect life support systems
- biosecurity is critical
23
Q
Production strategy
All-in-all-out
A
- system drained at end of production cycle
- all fish removed
- disinfection and removal of sediment and muck
- In florida may get 2-3 crops per pond per year
- ornamental species
24
Q
Production strategies
Continuous
A
- System rarely drained
- once in 10-15 years
- following harvet - top off with aprox number fingerlings to replace
- Industry standard for catfish
25
Q
Continuous harvets
advantages
A
- no down time to dry out pond
- replace # harvested animals with equal # fingerlings
- practical for very large ponds
26
Q
Continuous harvest
disadvantage
A
- lose track of inventory
- pond banks erode
- massive accumulation organic matter
- maintenance is major
- major dz control can be difficult
27
Q
All in all out harvest
advantages
A
- Better control of inventory
- avoid build up of organic material
- can produce multiple crops in same pond
- better for biosecurity
28
Q
All in all out harvest
disadvantage
A
- labor intensive
- more effluent from pond
29
Q
Channel Catfish
A
- most imp aquaculture industry in US
- ranked 10th globally
- production centered in mississippi valley
- market size 1-1.5 lbs takes 18 months
30
Q
Tilapia
A
- real chicken of the sea
- hardy
- tiered system with pigs or chickens
- single sex populations
- thermolimited 50 degrees
31
Q
Carp (Koi)
A
- Carp: # 1 aquatic food animal in China
- nuisance in US waters - invasive
- Koi: specially bred for color
- excellent candidate for vet care
32
Q
European style Koi shows
A
- good kind
- tubs next to each other
33
Q
Japanese style koi show
A
- Bad kind (biohazard)
- fish placed in same tub for judging
- disease risk
34
Q
Carp Koi diseases
A
- spring viremia of carp - foreign animal dz (big deal)
- cool water dz (50 deg)
- depopulation required
- koi herpes - endemic but reportable
- warm water dz
- gill disease
